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[OC] What if every world cup team had the same population? - Group D

Bloody hell me again, bored of this yet? We’re about to be halfway through the groups of the alternative World Cup and today we’ll uncover what I believe to be the favourite for the whole thing, but more on that later…
I’ve really enjoyed the discussion that the series has provoked so far, hell, someone even attempted the South Indian lineup yesterday. If this is the first time stumbling upon the series feel free to have a gander at the groups so far.
Group A, Group B, Group C
Completing the first half of the group stage are three more predominantly Asian teams and one European. We gamble on Macau, salivate at the French bred, and I potentially earn a lifetime ban from /Pyongyang.
Southern China
6 Chinese Provinces (Chongqing, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Yunnan), Macau
Population (millions): 239.5
Unfortunately since lockdown I’ve not been able to see my grandparents, so researching ‘Hunan’ and ‘Hainan’ had me somewhat triggered, unfortunately the two provinces haven’t managed to trigger any life into a pretty poor squad.
Over 50% of this side originates from Guizhou, famous for timber and transportation, it should be fitting when the side comes crashing down to a timely exit.
Despite most associating gambling with Las Vegas, Macau is in fact the bookkeeping capital of the world, the tiny administrative unit provides one player to this 22 bust.
Goalkeepers Birthplace FM20 Value Age
Xing Yu CHN Qingdao Huanghai GK Chongqing 31 €0.55 24
Fang Jingqi CHN TZ Yuanda GK Guizhou 38 €0.40 27
Defenders
Liao Junjian CHN Wuhan Zall CB Guangxi 45 €2.10 26
Deng Hanwen CHN Guangzhou E RB Chongqing 45 €2.20 26
Yi Teng CHN R & F CB Guizhou 42 €1.70 30
Zhao Yuhao CHN Hebei China Fortune CB Yunnan 41 €1.70 27
Zhao Hejing CHN Guizhou Hengfeng RB Guizhou 40 €0.30 34
Wu Qing CHN Hohhot LB Guizhou 37 €0.52 33
Luo Xin CHN Beijing Renhe CB Chongqing 35 €1.00 30
Dilmurat Mawlanyaz CHN Chongqing Lifan LB Guizhou 38 €1.20 22
Midfielders
Wang Song CHN Jiangsu Suning CM Guizhou 47 €0.00 37
Yang Liyu CHN Guangzhou E RM Guangxi 43 €2.30 23
Xie Pengfei CHN Jiangsu Suning RM Guizhou 42 €1.90 26
Cao Yongjing CHN Beijing Renhe CAM Chongqing 41 €1.70 23
Fan Yunlong CHN R & F LM Guizhou 37 €1.20 23
Liu Yi CHN Wuhan Zall CB Guizhou 40 €1.10 31
Feng Jing CHN Chongqing Lifan RM Guizhou 46 €2.40 26
David Cardoso MAC Bordeaux CDM Portugguese Macau 38 €0.77 25
Forwards
Zhang Wentao CHN Henan Jianya ST Guizhou 37 €1.20 27
Wen Tianpeng CHN Chongqing Lifan ST Guizhou 31 €0.72 23
Wang Weicheng CHN Chongqing Lifan CF Guizhou 32 €0.56 29
Huang Zichang CHN Jiangsu Suning CF Guizhou 41 €1.70 23
Average/Totals 39 €27.22 27.09090909
It’s the same story as yesterday’s team ‘West China’, certain areas have had a headstart in the great Chinese football initiative and the far South is not one of them.
Feng Jin could be the ‘star man’, a role he is used to at his hometown club Chongqing Dangdai for whom he has played as an ever reliable utility man over 100 times. Feng’s figure pales in comparison however to Wang Song who may be ten years his senior, but has racked up 322 CSL appearances, the fourth most in the competitions 16 year history.
As far as up and coming talent is concened, look no further than Guangzhou’s Yang Liyu, the 23 year old winger is improving year having started every league match in a title winning season for the ‘South China Tigers’, scoring four goals in the process.
Another Chinese squad that is all much of a muchness, I imagine the keepers may be fighting for the safety of the bench when they see who they’ll be facing in this group.
Russia and Southern Borders
Russia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, North Korea
Population (millions): 249.32
Due to the global reach of the sub I’ve been helped out a lot by users in the comments informing me on their players from first hand experience, but if I’ve overlooked any North Korean’s, I may be on my own.
One of 2010’s most infamous entrants, North Korea have been cautiously separated from sibling rivalry to join a team that will predominantly consist of 2018 hosts and quarter finalists, Russia.
Russia’s National team manufactured an interesting character arc two years ago when they went from controversial hosts to plucky underdogs, it’s amazing what wiping a smile off of Sergio Ramos’ face can do. The world’s most sizable country pulled off an inspiring mix of playstyles on the world stage, beating the Saudi’s 5-0 on the opening day was the beginning slide of a showreel the prompted the likes of Aleksandr Golovin and Denis Cheryshev to be engraved in every football fanatics lexicon.
As a whole the squad may be the best that Mother Russia has assembled, but the nation perhaps lacks the A-list talent such as Ardrey Arshavin or Lev Yashin to become a further threat.
South of Russia are more Stans than a Marvel easter egg compilation, sadly just one player makes a cameo.
Goalkeepers Birthplace FM20 Value Age
Igor Akinfeev RUS CSKA Moscow GK Vidnoye 70 €6.60 34
Andrey Lunev RUS Zenit GK Moscow 66 €3.20 29
Defenders
Mario Fernandes RUS CSKA Moscow RWB Sao do Sul, Brazil 73 €21.70 29
Georgiy Dzhikiya RUS Spartak Moscow CB Moscow 66 €5.10 26
Sergey Petrov RUS Krasnodar LB St Petersburg 66 €3.60 29
Victor Vasin RUS CSKA Moscow CB St Petersburg 63 €2.50 32
Dmitry Barinov RUS Lokomotiv Moscow CB Moscow Oblast 66 €3.00 24
Fedor Kudryashov RUS Antalyaspor CB Irkutsk Oblast 63 €2.20 33
Georgiy Schennikov RUS CSKA Moscow LWB Moscow 63 €1.80 28
Vyacheslav Karavaev RUS Zenit RB Moscow 64 €2.70 25
Midfielders
Alezandr Golovin RUS Monaco CM Kaltan 74 €24.50 23
Denis Cheryshev RUS Valencia LM Nizhny Novgorod 69 €13.70 29
Alexey Miranchuk RUS Lokomotiv Moscow CAM Slavansk 70 €7.80 25
Roman Zobnin RUS Spartak Moscow CDM Irkutsk 66 €7.40 26
Anton Miranchuk RUS Lokomotiv Moscow CAM Slavansk 68 €5.40 25
Magomed Ozdoev RUS Zenit CM Grozny 67 €4.10 28
Yuri Gazinsky RUS Krasnodar CM Komsomolsk 68 €4.10 30
Odil Ahmedov UZB Guangzhou E CDM Namangan 67 €12.60 32
Forwards
Artem Dzyuba RUS Zenit ST Moscow 70 €11.70 31
Fedor Smolov RUS Celta Vigo ST Saratov 66 €6.40 30
Fedor Chalov RUS CSKA Moscow ST Moscow 64 €3.20 22
Han Kwang Song PRK Al-Duhail ST Pyongyang 54 €3.80 21
Average/Totals 67 €157.10 27.77272727
Han Kwang Song joins the squad for the sake of youth and variety, the 21 year old talent has joined the Qatari league after a spell at Cagliari in Italy, where according to sources back home he scored 40 goals in his 12 Serie A appearances.
The striker spot may be reserved however for brutish Muscovite, Artem Dzubya. The 6 ft 5 poacher aims to become Russia’s top goalscorer after netting three times in the World Cup with a further ten since. Chalov and Golovin are the prodigal talents tipped for stardom, the latter secured a move to Monaco and has recently started to show his potential after a middling start.
Accomplished wingback Mario Fernandes is a curious addition to the squad, with a scarcity of talent in the right back position, Fernandes could well have been the natural successor to Dani Alves in the Brazil set up, but instead acquired Russian citizenship upon his fifth season at CSKA Moscow.
Uzbeki legend Odil Ahmedov is very used to the company of Russians having spent 7 seasons in the RPL. The box to box midfielder was voted Anzhi fans’ player of the year in 2011 ahead of Samuel Eto’o and Yuri Zhirkov, which illustrates his obvious quality.
This side will assuredly be the runners up of the group, but that’s by no means to their discredit as I believe even 1970 Brazil would finish second to this next team.
West Mainland Europe
Portugal, Spain, Andorra, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Hungary, Italy, San Marino, Malta.
Population (Millions): 239.03
Ironically this might have been the hardest squad to compose. An embarrassment of riches personifies the continent's stronghold on the global game, the region boasts nine of the last twelve Champions League finalists at club level, and the previous four of the Euro’s.
In an alternate universe where Lionel Messi pledges Spanish citizenship, this part of the world could complete a passable World XI, with or without the help of San Marino.
I have everything to say about this region, but nothing that you don’t know already, so I’ll let my carefully crafted 22 do the talking.
Goalkeepers Birthplace FM20 Value Age
Thibault Courtois BEL Real Madrid GK Bree 81 €57.10 27
David De Gea ESP Man United GK Madrid 83 €56.80 30
Defenders
Sergio Ramos ESP Real Madrid CB Camas 86 €27.50 34
Ricardo Pereira POR Leicester City RWB Lisbon 75 €36.80 27
Giorgio Ciellini ITA Juventus CB Pisa 84 €6.80 36
Aymeric Laporte FRA Man CIty CB Agen 82 €64.10 25
David Alaba AUT Bayern Munich LWB Vienna 84 €76.70 27
Jordi Alba ESP Barcelona LWB L'Hospitalet 81 €50.10 31
Virgil Van Dijk NED Liverpool CB Breda 90 €76.10 29
Dani Carvajal ESP Real Madrid RB Leganes 78 €54.70 28
Midfielders
NGolo Kante FRA Chelsea CDM Paris 83 €70.60 29
Sergio Busquets ESP Barcelona CDM Sabadell 83 €57.50 32
Kevin De Bruyne BEL Man City CAM Ghent 94 €103.00 28
Bernardo Silva POR Man City CAM Lisbon 87 €85.40 26
Marco Verratti ITA PSG CM Pescara 81 €59.20 27
Paul Pogba FRA Man United CM Lagny-sur-Marne 86 €78.90 27
Eden Hazard BEL Real Madrid LW La Louviere 91 €96.50 29
Thiago Alcantara ESP Bayern Munich CM San Pietro, Italy 84 €75.00 29
Forwards
Cristiano Ronaldo POR Juventus ST Madiera 98 €35.80 35
Kylian Mbappe FRA PSG RF Paris 91 €101.00 22
Antoine Griezmann FRA Barcelona CF Macon 90 €87.80 29
Ciro Immobile ITA Lazio ST Torre Annunzata 80 €57.60 30
Average/Totals 85.32 1416.70 29.05
The strength of this squad is best explicated by the names that didn’t make it. Hugo Lloris, Toby Alderweireld, Jan Vertonghen, Raphael Varane, Clement Llenglet, Matthjis De Ligt, Gerard Pique, Lucas Hernandez, Blaise Matuidi, Joao Cancelo, Saul, Koke, Isco, Gini Wijnaldum, Memphis Depay, Romelu Lukaku, Dries Mertens, the list goes on forever…
Despite the damp squib that his club career has become, Paul Pogba has always delivered on an international stage, in fact the three French scorers in 2018’s final all make the shortlist. Kylian Mbappe romantically plays alongside Cristiano Ronaldo who will no doubt pass his best player in Europe baton to the ever-improving Parisian.
A defensive duet of Ramos and Van Dijk seems almost unfair, and incase of this behemoth backline being beaten, the side have two of the worlds best keepers to choose from.
The midfield was the most difficult to select and I could be persuaded to change, but the constant will be unparalleled technical ability and passing prowess. The premise of Kevin De Bruyne assisting Ronaldo makes me want to write this on an incognito tab.
The ones to beat for sure. While Germany or the UK may be perturbed to not make the cut, the old enemies will join forces to put a dent in West Europe’s title challenge
Indian Subcontinent
Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, 6 Burmese states ( Rakhaing, Chin, Sagain, Kachin, Magwe, Mandalay)
Population (Millions): 215.38
After a tough act to follow, today's headliners are guilty of being a little tone-deaf.
The sovereign states surrounding the North of India are as uninterested in soccer as their conjoined cousins, and the further this region departs from the land of Bollywood, the more footballers it produces.
Bhutan is the first instance I’ve seen of a nation that doesn’t have any footballers in the entire FM database, whilst Nepal’s talent pool is a mountain of mediocrity.
Bangladesh have tried to acquire the comparatively gargantuan talent of Leicester’s Hamza Choudhury who’s parents are committed Bengali Muslims; the ‘Bengal Tigers’ are currently in a bizarre spectation where they pray he becomes just good enough to not earn an England cap. Until then, the green team requires the help of western Myanmar to complete their squad.
Goalkeepers Birthplace FM20 Value Age
Shahidul Sohel BAN Abahani Limited GK Chittagong 24 €0.00 29
Ashraful Islam Rana BAN Sheikh Russel GK Manikganj 24 €0.00 31
Defenders
Topu Barman BAN Bashundhara CB Narayanganj 23 €0.00 25
Yeasin Khan BAN Sheikh Jamal CB Dhaka 23 €0.00 25
Zaw Min Tun MYA Sukhothai CB Mandalay 38 €0.10 27
Nanda Kyaw MYA Shan United LB Mandalay 32 €0.01 23
Myo Ko Tun MYA Yadanarbon CB Magwe 25 €0.01 25
Thien Than Win MYA Yangon United LB Mandalay 32 €0.01 28
Soe Moe Kyaw MYA Ayeyawady CB Mandalay 31 €0.01 21
Yan Aung Win MYA Hantharwady RB Mandalay 31 €0.01 27
Midfielders
Jamal Bhuyan BAN Saif Sporting Club CDM Copenhagen, Denmark 30 €0.01 30
Mamun BAN Abahani CDM Tripura 24 €0.01 31
Sohel Rana BAN Abahani CM Dhaka 24 €0.01 25
Rohit Chand NEP Persiji Jakarta CM Surkhet 36 €0.20 28
Kyaw Ko Ko MYA Sukhothai LM Mandalay 38 €0.01 27
David Htan MYA Shan United CM Chin 35 €0.01
Hlaing Bo Bo MYA Yadanarbon CM Mandalay 33 €0.01 23
Maung Maung Soe MYA Yadanarbon RM Mandalay 30 €0.01 24
Forwards
Nabib Newaz Jibon BAN Abrahani ST Dhaka 24 €0.01 29
Bimal Gharti Magar NEP Machhindra ST Nawalparasi 23 €0.00 22
Win Naing Soe MYA Yadanarbon ST Mandalay 33 €0.01 33
Kaung Sithu MYA Southern Myanmar ST Mandalay 32 €0.01 27
Average/Totals 29.32 0.45 26.67
The stand out players all seem to hail from Burma’s second largest city, Mandalay. The city’s football club Yadanarbon is a progressively edging closer to becoming an AFC Champions League team, and won the now defunct AFC President's cup in 2010.
Bhuyan is the best Bengali, the Danish born holding midfielder captains his nation and may end his career as their record appearance maker.
Zaw Min Tun and Kyaw Ko Ko are arguably playing at the highest level, sharing a dressing room at Thai club Sukhothai.
Four down, four to go. Next time we see the world’s greatest superstar Alex Iwobi.
Also Lionel Messi too.
Edit: Slovenia has been transferred to Eastern Europe because it transpires I can't count
submitted by Mel0n_Collie to soccer [link] [comments]

The Jesuit Order’s Pfizer Marypoison Vaccine

❗ The Jesuit Order’s Pfizer Marypoison Vaccine

July 22, 2020 — ‘US Signs Contract with Pfizer for COVID-19 Vaccine Doses’
“Washington—Trump administration will pay Pfizer nearly $2 billion for a December delivery of 100 million doses of a COVID-19 vaccine the pharmaceutical company is developing, Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar announced Wednesday. The U.S. could buy another 500 million doses under the agreement, Azar said. … The program aims to deliver 300 million doses of a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine by January 2021. … Pfizer and BioNTech said the U.S. will pay $1.95 billion upon receipt of the first 100 million doses it produces … Britain announced Monday it had secured access to another 90 million experimental COVID-19 vaccines made by Pfizer … The FDA has told manufacturers it expects any vaccine to be at least 50% effective to qualify.”
[^ Behold the Jesuit Order’s Holy Congregation for Propaganda of the Doctrine of the Catholic Faith, i.e. The Inquisition.]

April 27, 2018 — Pfizer: ‘We Are One’ [Displays Roman Catholic Crucifix as Focus @0:33]

“Through 6-12 month paid internships, Pfizer intends to offer opportunities to brilliant professionals of the future. For this reason, it has entered into partnerships with some of the best research institutes and universities (… Cattolica [Jesuit Controlled Franciscan ‘University of the Sacred Heart, Milan’], … La Sapienza [Jesuit Controlled] .” [Emphasis Mine]

Possible (Not Probable) Jesuit Priests Related to Pfizer Co-Founder Charles Erhart
~ Rev. Henry J. Erhart, S.J.
~ Joseph F. X. Erhart, S.J.

William Bentley Ball, K.S.G.
~ Legal Counsel Department — Pfizer Inc.
~ Jesuit Catholic Laymen
~ Catholic Educated, (Jesuit Controlled) Private ‘University of Notre Dame’ (1948)
~ Augustinian Educated, (Jesuit Controlled) Roman Catholic Private Augustinian ‘Villanova University School of Law’
~ Catholic Educated, (Jesuit Controlled) Roman Catholic Private Sister’s of Notre Dame ‘Notre Dame-Cathedral Latin School’
~ Member, Board of Governors, (Jesuit Controlled) Roman Catholic Private ‘Thomas Aquinas College’
~ General Counsel, Pennsylvania Catholic Conference, Public Policy Wing of the Roman Catholic Church, Pennsylvania
~ Papal Knight, (Jesuit Created and Controlled) ‘Pontifical Equestrian Order of St. Gregory the Great’
~ Honorary Degree, (Jesuit Controlled) Roman Catholic Private ‘Catholic University of America’
~ Honorary Degree, (Jesuit Controlled) Roman Catholic Private Franciscan ‘St. Francis College’
“Following school Ball began to practice Corporate Law for … Pfizer Drug Co. Ball visited the Vatican where he was made a Knight of the Order of St. Gregory the Great for his services to the Catholic Church and Faith. In 1986, following the ascension of William Rehnquist to Chief Justice, William Ball was one of many considered for the Associate Justice seat that went to [Jesuit Georgetown University’s] Antonin Scalia.” [Emphasis Mine]
—William Bentley Ball; ‘The Catholic University of America: The American Catholic History Research Center and University Archive’
“William Bentley Ball, one of the nation’s foremost Catholic constitutional lawyers and a member of the Thomas Aquinas College Board of Governors … received his law degree from the University of Notre Dame in 1948. After working in the legal departments of … Pfizer, Inc., he taught constitutional law at the Villanova University School of Law from 1955 to 1960. He then served as General Counsel to the Pennsylvania Catholic Conference for the next eight years, after which he formed the Harrisburg, Penn., law firm of Ball, Skelly, Murren & Counsel, where he continued to represent the Conference until his death. … In Search of A National Morality (Baker Books/Ignatius Press 1992), … Mr. Ball became fast friends with Thomas Aquinas College … Over the next several years, he provided valuable assistance to the College … His love for the College endured, and in 1996 he accepted an invitation to serve on the College’s Board of Governors, a magnanimous commitment in view of the many worthy organizations and institutions clamoring for his attention. A model of Christian charity, William Bentley Ball was the legal giant of our times for Christians everywhere,” said President Thomas E. Dillon, who attended his funeral in Harrisburg, Penn. ‘The College is profoundly grateful to this champion of religious freedom not only for the achievements he won for so many, but for his commitment to authentic Catholic liberal education and to Thomas Aquinas College in particular.’ Mr. Ball’s family directed that memorial contributions be sent to the Pennsylvania Pro-Life Federation or to Thomas Aquinas College.”
—Thomas Aquinas College; ‘Thomas Aquinas College Newsletter,’ (Winter: 1999–2000)

John E. McKeen
~ ‘Director, Vice-president, Member of the Executive Committee, Executive Vice-President and President, Chairman of the Board’ — Pfizer Inc.
~ Catholic Educated, (Jesuit Controlled) Roman Catholic Private Congregation of the Mission ‘St. John's Preparatory School (Brooklyn, NYC)’
~ Honorary Degree, (Jesuit Controlled) Roman Catholic Private Congregation of the Mission ‘St. John's University (New York City)’
[Founder of the Congregation of the Mission; Vincent de Paul was a member of the Priory of/at Sion after being absorbed by the Jesuit Order (1617–19) making Vincent de Paul a Jesuit]
~ Honorary Degree, (Jesuit Controlled) Roman Catholic Private ‘Catholic University of the Sacred Heart (Milan, Italy)’
~ Awarded Honorary, Commander, ‘Order of Merit of the Italian Republic’ (1955)
“John E. McKeen received his Secondary Education at St. John's Preparatory School, Brooklyn, N. Y., … He began his business career in 1926 as a Control Chemist with Chas. Pfizer & Co., Inc., Brooklyn, manufacturing Chemists … He was elected a Director of the firm in 1944, Vice-President in 1945, and a member of the Executive Committee later that year. In 1948 he was elected Executive Vice-President and in 1949 he became President, in which office he continues, and since 1950 he also has been Chairman of the Board … In 1880, Pfizer began producing citric acid from citrate of lime imported from Italy … Mr. McKeen holds honorary LL.D. Degrees from … St. John's University in Brooklyn … In 1958, he was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Agricultural Sciences by the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Milan, Italy. … His honorary awards include … commander, Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (1955), …”
—James T. White; ‘The National Cyclopædia of American Biography,’ Vol. 1 or 60, p. 294, (New York: 1960)

Robert L. Shafer, S.M.O.M.
~ Former Vice-President of Public Affairs and Government Relations (1966–96) — Pfizer Inc.
~ Benedictine Educated, (Jesuit Controlled) Roman Catholic Private Benedictine ‘College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University’
~ Jesuit Educated, Private Jesuit ‘Georgetown University’
~ Permanent Observer, (Jesuit Controlled) Roman Catholic Sovereign Military Order of Malta, United Nations, NYC (2004–15)
~ Chairman, Bord of Directors, (Jesuit Controlled) Roman Catholic Private ‘Convent of the Sacred Heart (Connecticut)’
~ Member, Board of Regents, (Jesuit Controlled) Roman Catholic Private ‘St. John’s University’
“As a representative of Pfizer, he lobbied the U.S. Congress and the governments of other countries where Pfizer had subsidiary corporations.”

Pfizer Receives Vatican’s Blessing on Viagra
“Pfizer even sent representatives the Vatican to see how the Catholic Church would respond to the pill. Luckily for Pfizer, the Vatican approved of Viagra because of its ability to marital sexual encounters.”

John G. Wall
~ Mechanical Engineer — Pfizer Inc.
~ Grand Knight of St. Nicholas Council, Jesuit Created & Controlled Roman Catholic Military Knights of Columbus
~ Member, (Jesuit Created & Controlled) Roman Catholic Secret Society Ancient Order of Hibernians, Division 29, NY County
“Even before the French Revolution there existed in Spain Secret-Societies, some averse to Monarchical Government, others in favour of clerocracy. Among the latter may be mentioned the ‘Concessionists,’ who carried their zeal for Ferdinand VII. And their tenderness for the Church to such a degree as to desire the return of the blessed times of the Holy Inquisition. They also sought to get hold of the management of public affairs to turn them to their own profit; and the dismal administration of the Bourbons shows that they partly succeeded. Probably from this association arose that of the ‘Defenders of the Faith,’ Jesuits in disguise, who in 1820 spread themselves over Spain, taking care of the throne and altar, and still more of themselves.”
—Charles William Heckethorn (1826–1902; Swiss-British, Prolific Writer, Historian); ‘Secret Societies of All Ages and Countries,’ Vol. 2, p. 213, (London: 1875)
“This strange alliance of Catholicism with brigandage is not incomprehensible in an age when men passionately sought temporal power for the Pope. It was a lawless mechanism as well suited to the Irish as to the Spanish temperament. Sir Garrett O’Moore Creagh preached his secret doctrine to the wild Irishry, and it is probable that the fraternity of the Defenders was one of the most potent elements in helping mutually incompatible representatives of Irish septs to sink their domestic hatreds and personal jealousies and prepare for a massacre of Protestants and the delivery of their country from the Scots and English settlers within the pale. Behind O’Moore were French and Spanish Jesuits, and the redoubtable hero was probably only an instrument in their hands, his country only a pawn in the game of world politics. He initiated the combination of a criminal and political Secret-Society working with a seditious national priesthood for the overthrow of Government by force of arms. These elements have been permanently and disastrously rooted in Irish national life ever since. The secret association of Defenders blossomed into the open movement of the Confederate Catholics and the massacre of 1641. The history of the Defenders after Cromwell’s bloody reckoning with the Irish Catholic Confederacy is little known. The open movement of insurrection had been stamped out and the organization was simply a Secret-criminal-political-Society, submerged but venomous. It was an age of intrigue and religious plotting. Roman Catholicism in those days meant foreign domination to the British, and the shadow of militant France and Imperial Inquisitional Spain stood behind the now exiled Stuarts. The Irish Catholics, as distinct from the English Catholics, supported the Stuarts more from hatred of the English than from any belief in the Divine right of Kings—unless they be Irish Kings. The exiled Irishmen who infested the European capitals acted as couriers, bravos and intermediaries in the seething web of intrigue. The Jesuit influence in the development of the Defenders was reinforced, and their ceremonies and symbolism slowly changed to an elementary ritual closely modeled on that of the ceremony of initiation to the Society of Jesus of the period. This ritual has descended with many accretions and modernization to the present time; and the American branch of the Ancient Order of Hibernians, misled by it, traces its origin back, not to 1641 and the Garduna, but to 1563 and the foundation of the Society of Jesus.”
—Major Hugh B. C. Pollard (1888–1966; British S.O.E. Intelligence Officer, M.I.6. Madrid, Jesuit Coadjutor, Flew Jesuit Created & Controlled Knight of Malta Fascist Roman Dictator General Francisco Franco, S.M.O.M. from the Canary Islands to Morocco Triggering the Jesuit Created Spanish Civil War); ‘The Secret Societies of Ireland, Their Rise and Progress,’ p. 6-8, (London: 1922)

Bill Carapezzi
~ ‘Executive Vice President, Global Business Services and Transformation’ — Pfizer Inc.
~ Jesuit Educated, Private Jesuit ‘Fairfield University’
“Bill holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting from Fairfield University … and a LL.M in Taxation from New York University School of Law.”

Frank D’Amelio
~ ‘Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President, Global Supply’ — Pfizer Inc.
~ Catholic Educated, (Jesuit Controlled) Roman Catholic Private ‘St. John’s University (New York City)’
~ Jesuit Educated, Private Jesuit ‘Saint Peter’s University’
“Frank earned his MBA in Finance from St. John’s University and his bachelor’s degree in Accounting from St. Peter’s University.”

Rady Johnson
~ ‘Executive Vice President, Chief Compliance, Quality & Risk Officer’ — Pfizer Inc.
~ Jesuit Educated, Private Jesuit ‘Georgetown University Law Center’
“He is a graduate of … the Georgetown University Law Center.”

Ronald E. Blaylock
~ ‘Executive Member on the Board of Directors’ — Pfizer Inc.
~ Jesuit Educated, Private Jesuit ‘Georgetown University’
~ Former Member, Board of Directors, Private Jesuit ‘Georgetown University’
“Mr. Blaylock … formerly served on the board of Georgetown University. … Mr. Blaylock earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance from Georgetown University …”

Susan Hockfield
~ ‘Executive Member on the Board of Directors’ — Pfizer Inc.
~ Jesuit Educated, Private Jesuit ‘Georgetown University Medical Center’ (1979)

Bei B Zhang
~ ‘Vice President, Metabolic Research’ — Pfizer Inc.
~ Jesuit Educated, (Incognito Jesuit) ‘Fudan University’ (Shanghai, China) [Founded by Jesuit Ma Xiangbo, S.J.]
“Education: Fudan University, B.S.”

❓ Team Resources:
Johnny Cirucci:
Eric Bowman:
Doc Felipe:
En Goodz:

❤️ Yahusha is Ha'Mashiach, the Yachid of Yahuah, who is Elohiym and 'Echad
If you shall confess with your mouth Adonai Yahusha, and shall believe in your heart that Yah has raised him from the dead, you shall be saved.
🇻🇦 The Whore of Babylon is Rome
submitted by EnGoodz to Jesuitworldorder [link] [comments]

Progress Report 14: Italy

Today we at the Red Flood team decided to present something nuts, wacko, ABSOLUTELY BALLS TO THE WALL OH GOD IT’S THE BIGGEST MEME YET---
A liberal democracy.
Welcome to the Italy diary! I, Sunny Sen M.D., have the honor and pleasure to serve as your guide today to the lore and gameplay of the big boot itself.
Strap in, because this is going to require a lot of explanation.

The Background

Around the turn of the 20th Century, the Kingdom of Italy was an up-and-coming power on the world stage. It was consistently governed by one of a number of liberal parties, but no one spent more time in the seat of power than Giovanni Giolitti. Giolitti was the undisputed master of Italian politics. Though his party did not always lead the government, he remained one of the most important power brokers on the Italian political scene. He served four terms as prime minister before and during the Great War.
As the Great War ground on and the nations of Europe funneled thousands of men into the meat grinder of the trenches, Italy sat on the sidelines weighing up the two sides. To the Italian Government both the Central Powers and the Triple Entente had advantages and disadvantages. While for brief times it looked like Italy would join the Central Powers and topple the French government once and for all, it would in fact be this event that finally propelled Italy into the war on the side of the now Double Entente.
The capitulation and the seizure of French territory by Germany colonies and the occupation of French colonies by British troops gave Britain a significant negotiating tactic with Italy. Join the Double Entente and fulfill its imperial ambitions, gain the French territory that was given to the Germans and claim your Italian territory in Europe— for the Italian government this was a deal too good to refuse. And thus a few months after the French fell, the Double Entente became triple again.
Hundreds of thousands of Italian and British troops marched across the unprepared Austrian border, whose forces were busy trying to halt the Russian advance, and the Italians easily crossed the Isonzo river. Resistance would quickly begin after these advances, when German and Austrian troops halted the joint Italo-British advance, but as the Russians pushed into Austria so did the Italians. Compared to the other major powers in the Great War, Italy suffered the least and gained the most. Other than territory a new idea would be imparted to the Italian troops— a faith in democracy. Working closely with British troops on the advance was the foundation of the Italian belief in their democracy and would come to define Italy for many years to come.
The end of the war and the establishment of the Regency of Carnaro led to a new chapter in Italian history. The German and Hungarian revolutions, as well as the revolution just starting up in Russia, greatly energized and empowered the Partito Socialista Italiano (PSI) and other left-wing organizations. Perceiving the revolutionary threat, rightist forces in the kingdom also began to mobilize. A third force (pun intended) formed under the banner of Benito Mussolini’s “Fascism”, a mix of nationalist militarism and populist economics aimed at strengthening Italy and eliminating social divisions. These three groups quickly became two as Mussolini courted conservatives and traditionalists to his side. Other facist strongmen would arise during this period, Michele Bianchi leading the Nationals Syndicalists, and Italo Balbo and Emilo de Bono leading the right wing of the facist movement.
Both the Socialists and the Fascists believed that the Liberals, exhausted by the war and humiliated by their capitulation to D’Annunzio’s demands, would soon fall, and that only the other side posed any real threat to their eventual domination of the kingdom.
They were terribly mistaken.
Giovanni Giolitti was not a man to be taken lightly, even in the twilight years of his career. He played up his support for the Regency in the media, praising D’Annunzio’s initiative in securing Italian territory from Balkan nationalists and revolutionaries and encouraging those who sympathize with him to move there in order to consolidate Italy’s new lands. More importantly, he began to meet with leaders in the PSI, the Partito Radicale Italiano (a social liberal party with strong support in the northeast) and the Partito Popolare Italiano (a christian democrat party that was growing rapidly throughout the country). He managed to attract the reform faction of the PSI to his side, led principally by Ivanoe Bonomi, as well as the Christian socialist wing of the PPI under Luigi Sturzo. The PRI proved a somewhat harder sell.
Ever since the creation of the Regency, PRI voters felt directly threatened by the outrageous behavior of the D’Annunzio regime. Their direct experience of the Great War also led to a hardening of their resolve to protect Italian democracy. Groups of students and apprentices began to organize themselves into a paramilitary organization called the Young Democrats, who sought to oppose both Socialism and Fascism as direct threats to their natural rights. The party evolved from a consistently small minority group to a dynamic pillar of Italian politics, running on platforms of anti-extremism and political equality for all in the Kingdom’s growing overseas empire.
THE MARCH: However due to the successful revolutions in Germany, Hungary and Luxembourg and the start of the Russian civil war, the Triumvirate (the group of three) of Emilo de Bono, Michele Bianchi, and Italo Balbo decided to try to anti Meanwhile Giolitti's efforts to counter the fascists and communists and to organize a coalition of democratic elements paid off and a government of National Unity was established successfully, transforming into the PUDI: the Partito Unito Democratico Italiano. This movement, a combination Giolitti, Bonomi and Sturzo’s efforts, became a big tent covering the moderate right and left democratic parties. To both the communists and fascists this was a disaster, because a unified democratic coalition could easily crush their movements. Thus it wasthe opportunity for the far left to rise up...
and for the Fascists to begin their march on Rome.
However when the fascists began their march, it was not universally accepted. Balbo had a different view of how the march would go, using it to act as a large rally, however statements closer to the march from Mussolini, hinting at a coup, put Balbo on edge, especially since he believed that the strength of the national unity government and the young democrats would stop and destroy the fascists. He believed that this clash would make communist revolution inevitable. Thus Balbo quietly split from the others before the march started, remaining silent except to tell his supporters to stay home.
As the fascists arrived in Rome, it soon became clear that the march would not be the easy victory they foresaw. As soon as they entered the city’s outskirts, communist militias and the Young Democrats clashed with each other and the fascists, turning the streets of Rome into a three-way battleground of ideologies. Giolitti's government, seeing the chaos and violence, sent in the army to crush the communists and fascists, quietly giving orders to leave the Young Democrats alone. For five days Rome was engulfed in a bloodbath, but the young democrats, supported by the army, eventually carried the battle. the turning point came on the fourth day, when Francesco Saverio Nitti himself grabbed a rifle and led the PRI parliamentary representatives into the fight on the side of the Young Democrats.
This crushing defeat for the fascists and communists split both their movements. The fascists descended into attacking each other, each clique and side blaming the other for their loss. Mussolini himself fled to Venice, and was seen boarding a gondola. He would not be seen in Italy for another ten years until he was spotted in Fiume in 1929. As Bianchi and De Bono cannibalised each others’ support and Mussolini disappears from Italian politics, Balbo, the man who withdrew from the march, remained as the most respected far right politician in the country. He was able to consolidate the facist remnants into a broad coalition of traditionalists, monarchists, conservatives and militarists known as the Lista Nazionale.
Meanwhile the far left also descend into a similar form of chaos between the ideals of continuing for revolution, or supporting reform. Unions and politicians loyal to the reform movement battle with Communist ones and when it is revealed that the leaders were getting directions from Trotsky himself, totally discredits the movement politically. With the leadership of the PCd'I becoming scattered and forced into exile within Germany. Finally, Bianchi’s left fascists, disgusted with their former comrades and desperate for support, joined with the remaining socialist revolutionaries to for the Fronte Revoluzionaria Socialista e dei Gruppi Nazionale Sindicalisti di Combattimento, the FRS e dei GNS di C.
The march on Rome was a mortal disaster for both Italian communism and the nascent fascist movement, and the crowning achievement for the Giolitti government. It strengthened the PUDI and gave their first administration a much-needed boost in legitimacy.
GOOD FEELINGS: After the formation of the PUDI, Italy entered a strange period in its history. After coming history books for prior examples, Italian journalists hit upon a term from the early history of the United States: the Era of Good Feelings.
With every other party and movement either dragged into coalition with the PUDI or dragged through the mud by their failures at the Battle of Rome, Italy became a happier and more optimistic place for all. Giolitti, who was by this point an old and tired man, increasingly lost ground to Bonomi and Sturzo. Their enthusiasm allowed Italy to become a capitalist welfare state, with extensive protections for every walk of life. Workers, peasants, and politicians all agreed that things were looking up.
When Giolitti died in 1928, cracks began to appear in the regime. The old-line market-oriented liberals were totally subsumed by the social liberals and democrats, both Catholic and secular. Maintaining the trasformismi became more and more difficult, with politicians forced to resort to ever more corrupt policies in order to maintain the unity and primacy of the PUDI. When the Slump hit Italy, government action was messy and confused. When the Senussis of Libya seized this chance and broke their fragile accords with the government in 1931, Libya was plunged into a costly guerrilla war that rages on at game start, (show photo of Lybian demiliterised zone) leaving all Libyan provinces but major cities demilitarized and inaccessible. As always in history, economic hardship promotes the growth of extremist forces in Italy. Though the PUDI’s hegemony is still unshakeable, many have turned to the right and left to solve Italy’s troubles, or even the poet across the Adriatic…
IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER:
Italy is forced to deal with a number of interesting and potentially surprising developments in the course of gameplay. If you want to experience the same surprises the Italians will have in the course of the game, STOP READING NOW. In order to avoid “spoilers” play paths in the following order:
  1. Follow the plan
  2. Stick with Sturzo through the time of betrayal
  3. Go another way
Now that we have that out of the way, let’s dive in to January 1st, 1936.

GAME START:

We begin with an end— specifically, the end of Ivanoe Bonomi’s government and the turn of the left wing of the PUDI. In just a few weeks, a general election will see another PUDI victory, and the right wing of the party under Luigi Sturzo will form a government that will rule for the next five years. Everything is in place, all that remains are the formalities.
Unless…
This is the hinge upon which the future of Italy turns. One man, one agonizing decision.
Should Bonomi decide to take the safe, expected route, power will be transferred to Sturzo’s faction without issue, and Italy will proceed under the right wing of the PUDI.
The government has a number of problems to face right out of the gate. The economy is still depressed, the empire is straining, and Italy’s foreign policy is vague and confused.
Let’s start with the economy.
Italy has suffered terribly under the weight of the Slump, which has torpedoed economies worldwide. It’s high time Italy got back on its feet. The first step is checking the government budget, cutting the fat where we can.
Now that the government knows the exact state of its finances, it has a choice to make. Should it start with a relatively light bond issue, and use the money raised for targeted and specific projects? Or should it go all-out, using national debt as a safe private investment and a massive bond issue as the first step in a general stimulus package?
From there, Sturzo’s government has two parallel paths to take. At the same time they can develop the private sector, inviting investors and revitalizing Italian small business and agriculture while also ramping up state spending for welfare programs and stimulating industry.
These vague plans may be fine for tackling a regular economic downturn but will they serve for Italy’s more specific basket of issues?
Hold on, something’s just come across my desk...
Mamma mia.
Whether Italy is in crisis or prospering, the south still lags behind the rest of the mainland. This government will achieve what every Italian government thus far has failed to do, and bring southern Italy up to the Northern standard! To start, the government will go all-out to incentivize and support industry in the south, with favorable taxes, subsidies, whatever it takes. Then they will tackle the main problem facing the southern economy-- land ownership.
Land in the south is almost exclusively held by ancient feudal families, in big and horribly mismanaged estates. These families have been hit just as hard as everybody else, and would be happy to sell… if anybody had the money to buy. The government’s first step will be to distribute loans to southern farm workers, so that they have a chance to own the land they work and then to help them manage and modernize their new smallholds. After all this hard work, Luigi Sturzo can claim the mantle (and considerable prestige) of modernizer of the Mezzogiorno. Let the sun shine!
Here's the full southern tree.
Sturzo’s government must also prioritize the empire. Italy’s rapid expansion in the years since the Great War has left the government behind, and the Ministry of Colonial Affairs is famous for burning out its employees in mere months. Sturzo’s government decides that it is necessary to split the ministry into six, one for each colony, and to assume direct control of the colonies from local administrators. From there, each colony’s problems will be addressed directly. In Libya, the 15-year war between Italy and the Senussi must be brought to an end. The government will bring Mukhtarto the table one last time. If he agrees to our terms, we will finally have a just peace in Libya. If not, one final push will bring the Senussi to their knees.
The other colonies are somewhat less exciting, but still very important. In Eritrea and Somalia, the government’s goal is to consolidate power and build on success, giving the player a menu of decisions to develop these oldest colonies of the kingdom. In former French Equatorial Africa, the situation is somewhat more dire. There are practically no Italians outside of Brazzaville, and the area is still governed using the skeletons of French institutions. The Sturzo government will address this immediately, totally reorganizing the administration, encouraging Italian youth to move to the new territories, and giving players another menu of decisions to develop Italy’s newest acquisition.
Last but not least, the Sturzo government will decide how to best exploit Antalya, otherwise known as the Turkish Cession. The territory is best suited for a naval base that can rival Cyprus, and the government willbuild such a base immediately. Finally, something must be done about tensions with the Turkish rump state. Some in the government have suggested a soft border, and Sturzo is amenable to the idea. Hopefully the Turks will agree.
With these reforms, perhaps the empire can be saved.
Out of Sturzo’s three major priorities, it could be argued that foreign policy is the most pressing. Italy’s position in the world is vague, but a new theory of foreign policy and security has been making the rounds. The ripple theory calls for a foreign policy that prioritizes clearly defined relations with Italy’s immediate neighbors, and then rippling out to farther-flung regions from the mother country. This theory will define Sturzo’s foreign policy.
The first priority is Italy’s immediate neighbors. The Swiss will be easy to deal with, and Italy will quickly conclude a guarantee and access treaty with the small, threatened nation-- if they’re still around. Austria’s behavior lately has been far too militaristic, and Italy’s relationship with the Habsburg rump must be clarified quickly and forcefully. On the frontiers, Italy must begin to fortify against aggression from the east and begin talks with the French. If these talks go well, a trade treaty of some sort may be possible or Sturzo will begin to prepare for a breakdown in relations.
From the land border, Italy will move on to its Mediterranean neighbors. Going from west to east, Italy will do its best to reach an understanding with Spain. They can attempt to bring their Adriatic neighbors into an economic community, though in this world its chances of success are relatively low. The questions of Greece and Turkey will be resolved-- should Italy conclude non-aggression pacts, or take a more… direct route? Finally, we will improve relations with Great Britain, keeping our competition healthy and solely economic.
What will Italy’s goals be beyond the gates of Suez and Gibraltar? Well, under Sturzo-- not much. Instead, Italy will continue to consolidate and modernize, and be a good neighbor to all. With strong trading relationships in place, Italy will become a global economic power.
At the end of this tree, Sturzo will have a clear and consistent diplomatic program.
And here it is, all together.

PATH 2: STURZO SURVIVES BONOMI’S BETRAYAL

But what if Bonomi’s conscience gets the better of him? What if principles prevail over pragmatism?
Quite a lot, as it happens.
Bonomi announces that he will contest the leadership of the PUDI in case the party wins again, so that the Italian citizenry can decide for themselves who will be their next leader. Sturzo finds this unacceptable. Bonomi then unilaterally announces that the PUDI is disbanded, and Sturzo leaves with his closest supporters for the Lista Nazionale. Bonomi’s reputation and credibility are destroyed, and the PRI under Francesco Saverio Nitti capitalizes to take up the banner of social liberalism from the fallen PUDI. This will be the first truly contested Italian election in 15 years.
First, we will examine the scenario where Sturzo and the LN barely manage to scrape through with a majority. First, everyone takes a deep breath, and then Sturzo sets about using the LN to bring about a Christian Socialist Italy.
But first, there’s a quick confirmation election within the party for the leadership role. Just a formality, Signore Sturzo, I assure you.
Or not.
After so many years in the political wilderness, Italo Balbo has finally schemed and maneuvered his way to the top on the back of his very own coalition party. His first moves must be repressive-- he will put down the protests from across the political spectrum, eliminate his rivals and cement the total dominance of the LN, which was his all along. Then he will extend his reach overseas and terminate the Libyans with extreme prejudice-- pun intended. There will be no governors or joking around separate ministries. Balbo will rule personally from the comfort of the capital.
Now Balbo turns his hawkish gaze to domestic policy. First, he declares total war on the mafia and all other organized crime, to cleanse Italy of criminal elements. Though Balbo himself has little love for the colonial peoples, elements within his government have convinced him to expand the definition of the Italian nation to embrace culture over race, if only for strategic reasons. Turning to the economy, Balbo focuses on the Four Economic Problems of the day: industry, farming, finance, trade. Finally, Balbo will encourage religion and the family in everyday life, focusing on promoting religious trade unions, bigger families, and engaging in renewed negotiations with the pope.
As you can probably tell, Balbo has very little interest in politics and the economy. He pays people for that. Balbo is a soldier, and his mind is tuned to a soldier’s thought processes. It’s clear to the dumbest private in the Army that Italy cannot survive the coming calamity alone, at least not without significant preparation. Balbo will not sit on his hands while the French or the Germans run roughshod over Europe. Italy will be prepared, and once prepared, Italy will be supreme. Balbo will disseminate his strategy throughout the government and begin the national mobilization. The armed forces will be reformed from top to bottom. First, the incompetents that we know of will be instantly purged. Then, Balbo will begin a months-long Grand Conference between the military branches, to draw up plans for joint reform and Balbo’s operations.
When the Conference ends, each branch is energized, reformed, and ready to go. The Navy reports that its responsibilities can be accomplished with extensive investments in production, design, and more funding for the Naval college. The Army’s report is quite similar, recommending the adoption of mission-based tactics as well as extensive motorization and increased basic equipment production. The Air Force’s report is the most explosive of all, recommending that the Air Force’s role be shifted from total support to independent air war, with some ground support units.
Now that the forces are reformed, they must be greatly enlarged. This requires two major initiatives--expanding the manpower base and expanding the industrial base.
With the pieces in place, it’s time for Balbo to make his first move.All Italians must be under one regime, no exceptions. He will demand that the Swiss Italians join the nation or suffer the consequences. Then he will turn his attention to the Mediterranean. From West to East, he will demand the Balearics from Spain, begin preparations for an operation to seize Corsica (available when a war with France starts), annex Albania to secure a Balkan beachhead, set off a coup in Greece to make it an Italian puppet, and fortify the Turkish Cession for the inevitable war with Turkey.
Balbo must then decide what to do about Britain. TheLion is old, but still capable of delivering killing blows if provoked. Balbo can either attempt to repair the breach in Anglo-Italian relations or prepare a four-pronged strike at Gibraltar, Malta, Cyprus and Suez that will be available upon declaring war on Britain if sufficiently prepared.
Balbo will then make his last preparations. Switzerland will be annexed in its entirety, and Austria will be forced to give military access to Italy. He will then finish the national mobilization, and seize the day for Italy.
Italy’s second Great War begins.
Full Balbo tree here

PATH 3: THE PRI WINS THE SURPRISE ELECTION

If the PRI wins the election, Italy will proceed to a new future under an incredibly enthusiastic new party. Francesco Saverio Nitti, the old stalwart of radical liberalism, will approach his government with an energy that belies his considerable age. First, he lays out his platform and then dives right in. His government will first try to get a grasp on the overall situation. They will then simultaneously de-radicalize the Italian homeland by disarming the militias and elevating public discourse, and offer concessions to the Senussis and other colonial forces to bring about order overseas.
With the political situation stabilized, the next step is to deal with the economic situation. The Slump is nasty indeed, and thanks to the government coordinating recent reports, they can address the issues of the upcoming 1936 report proactively instead of reactively. The government’s approach is two-fold-- start with the farming and currency crises and then deal with the industrial sector, like making a sandwich by first having the bread available and then preparing the meat. Nitti prepares a number of initiatives for Italian farming, that focus both on subsidizing and supporting individual farmers and then centralizing land sales to encourage redistribution and optimize management, all with the goal of giving Italy a sustainable food surplus without falling back into overproduction.
On the other side of economics, the government sets out to revitalize flagging Italian credit. Italy will combat deflation by any means available, printing more Lire and bottoming out the central bank’s interest rate. The government will also begin to reconstruct Italian banking, employing the homeless and poor to build new bank branches, creating a deposit insurance company to safeguard accounts, and encouraging lending and investment. Finally, they will begin to float government funds on the money market and encourage public stock listings to renew Italian credit.
Now that we have the bread it’s time for the meat. The Royal Bureaus for Public works and for Armaments and Munitions will be founded to hire out-of-work Italians for public works and industrial projects. As these projects begin to take shape, Nitti shifts his focus to reforming Italy’s welfare system. Italy’s welfare is bloated, inefficient, and corrupt, and Nitti decides to shift to a dual system of both state welfare and private charity, with the government providing inspection services to make sure they are doing their job and seed grants to new charities.
Finally, Italy’s numbers are back up to where they were before the Slump but there is now nothing to stop further growth. The first step in this is fixing the Mezzogiorno. Nitti’s programs for the south are four-fold-- ending local corruption, modernizing agriculture, and building both military and civilian industry in the region. After an enormous effort, Nitti can also bring the South to economic parity with the North.
I’m sure this is starting to sound awfully familiar, but problems are problems no matter who is in charge.
Nitti then turns his attention to the colonies. In the west Nitti will start with Libya, encouraging settlement and keeping his promises to Mukhtar. Then, he will build up infrastructure and industry, village by village, city by city. Even further down, Nitti must do something about the former French territories. The territory is split into the Congo and Chad provisional districts, rail and telegraph links are shored up and a new naval station is placed in the mouth of the Congo to secure Italy’s hold on equatorial Africa.
In the East, Nitti begins with Eritrea. He liberalizes and industrializes Eritrea, which is already the queen of the Italian empire. In Somalia, the government constructs a naval station in the East and works to integrate the economies of Eritrea and Somalia. Finally, Nitti will focus on Antalya, preparing to defend it against Turkish aggression. Finally, a state airline will be created to facilitate fast and safe transport between all corners of Italy.
With Italy in an excellent economic position, Nitti is ready to start his real project-- fundamental reform of the kingdom’s constitution. First, he will explicitly extend the franchise to every man and woman in the empire, and then turns his attention to his true dream-- transforming Italy into a true federation. This focus is the most powerful in Nitti’s whole tree, giving Italy cores on every single colony they have.
The new federation must protect itself, and so Nitti sets out to reform the armed forces. This will be done primarily through decisions, as Nitti deals with each branch one by one and then organizes combined exercises to restore the army’s competence.
Finally, Nitti will deploy the diplomats in order to secure his final goal: an Italy at peace with the world.
Wait though-- I thought there were supposed to be 15 points? I only see 12.
*whisper* *whisper*
Ah, I see. Good to know.
Full PRI tree here
You may have noticed that these trees are quite sizeable. Don’t worry-- the focuses are typically quite short. The PRI tree, for example, is mostly comprised of 14 day and 28 day focuses. The goal is not to paralyze you for 8 in-game years. We want the player to have a rich and fulfilling experience that matches up with the game’s pacing. That means that many focuses will unlock decisions, and the usual benefits of the focus will be locked behind that decision. It just isn’t realistic to build infrastructure all across Italy in 14 days. So save your political power and military experience-- you will NEED both.
Though Italy will only have these three paths at release, we plan to add much, MUCH more content for Italy in the future, including more realistic and fleshed-out mechanics, more complex interaction with Carnaro, and paths for many other Italian ideologies, particularly on the left side of the spectrum. We wish we could have given you everything at release, but the craziness of summer schedules coupled with the time and energy it takes to make paths as long and detailed as these will be made us cap it off at three for now.
One last thing before I go-- Italy is an old land, and every old land harbors its secrets. Who knows what shadows (or shadowy event chains) lurk in the hearts of men? Keep an eye out, and you may be able to follow the white rabbit of underground Italian politics to a strange, strange place indeed. Happy hunting.
Many thanks to every member of the team, but especially to Rapop, jeeamf, Caveman, ClothCoat, and SplatTim for helping me so much to put everything together. This happened over the course of just three days, and we all had to grind our asses off for this one. As we implement Italian mechanics there will be more teasers to come. Join our discord (https://discord.gg/aQhMaCJ) and our subreddit, and I’ll see you guys on the server!
submitted by TheChroniclist to RedFloodMod [link] [comments]

Forbidden Knowledge of the Black Arts: An introduction to the academic literature on metal music

G'day all,
Given that this is Nothing But Black Metal November, I thought I'd try to keep the title on theme. This primer is designed as a casual sort of literature review aimed at introducing people to the academic field of metal studies and some of the work that might interest people. I've also included a few of the less-academic metal books that I've read in here as a potential access point for people who want to read a bit more about the music they love.
As some of you know, I've done an honours degree and am currently doing a PhD in musicology and analysis of metal. As such, a lot of the more recent material that I'm familiar with is musicological work, though I do read more widely and I've tried to include some of these areas too. Also, keep in mind that there are a few sources that I'll mention here that I mention due to significance or notoriety. Not everything in this primer is GOOD, though most of it is and I'll specify why I've included material that isn't.

The field of metal studies

While the early books on metal (at least, those worth reading) were written in the early 1990s, Metal Studies as a concrete field first appeared in about 2008 after Keith Kahn-Harris' book that is discussed below and the first international conferences focused solely on metal. This eventually led to the creation of the International Society for Metal Music Studies (ISMMS) and the publication of the Metal Music Studies journal in 2014. Before that, there was a large online bibliography of metal literature that was maintained by Kahn-Harris and, though it hasn't been updated for a while, it's still around and worth a look of you're interested in a list of early metal work.
Metal studies is a multidisciplinary field. This means that there are a variety of disciplines - Sociology, Musicology, Literary Studies, Anthropology, Economics, Psychology etc. - that study the same topic (i.e. metal) but don't (or very rarely) share methods. This differs from an interdisciplinary field, where both topics and methods are shared and are derived from a variety of different disciplines. This has its ups and downs; as a musicologist I tend to be very conscious of this, as it means that I can usually bank on most people in metal studies not being able to engage with a large part of my proof because they probably can't read music (much less use the analytical techniques involved in music analysis). Note that this isn't a deficiency on others' part; they're just trained in different fields. This is pretty standard for any interdisciplinary work - there's always subject-specific jargon that you need to get across to a broad audience - but it's especially pertinent to metal studies given that a genre of music is at the core of the field and most scholars are not equipped to analyse the music itself in great depth. This is a general problem in Popular Music Studies and stems in part from the fact that musicology is quite a conservative discipline that took a very long time to recognise any genre of popular music (apart from some jazz) as a valid subject of scholarship (you can thank Theodor Adorno for that one).
As such, musicology is still comparatively rare in metal studies, though it's becoming more prevalent. There's also something of a generation gap in the field. Many scholars would have been interested in metal from their youth in the 70s and 80s, gone off and gotten a 'real job' in their respective fields, and then returned to study metal later on (please note, this is a broad generalisation). As such, a lot of hard rock bands (Deep Purple, Led Zeppelin and Van Halen especially) are considered 'metal' by some scholars while younger scholars who got into metal in the 90s and 00s tend not to consider them 'metal'. Marking out these genre boundaries clearly is a current topic of debate in the field, as scholars recognise that genre definitions are very important to fans (as I'm sure all of shreddit knows!) It's also a personal area of interest to me, with one of my many projects being devising ways to provide clear, musicological definitions of metal subgenres.
Here are two texts that give you a very good picture of where metal studies is at currently.
Brown, Spracklen, Kahn-Harris and Scott, eds. (2016) - Global Metal Music and Culture: Current Directions in Metal Studies
This is probably the best book to get if you want to get a current idea of metal studies. Both introductory chapters, one written by the editors and one by Deena Weinstein, give a great picture of where metal studies began and where it has gotten to while the final two mini-chapters are a bit of a debate about the future of metal as a genre and metal studies as a field. The chapters cover a wide range of different topics and all are worth a read. Dietmar Elflein's chapter on structure in metal songs is particularly interesting and shows how metal song structures can actually be really quite complicated. Most chapters in here are fairly accessible to read as well, so if you look into anything on this list I'd recommend it be this book.
MHM2015 Proceedings
The proceedings from the 2015 Modern Heavy Metal conference can all be found online for free at http://iipc.utu.fi/MHM/. I strongly recommend looking into these - a wide range of topics are covered and the papers are all fairly short and easy to read (given that they're transcriptions of a conference presentation). A lot of the fields 'big names' are here and a huge variety of topics are covered. There's more-or-less something for everyone in this little collection, and it’s another great example of contemporary research into metal, though it will give you less background and context than the 'Current Directions' book as its assumed that the confernece attendees know how the field operates.

Metal studies in the 1990s

This is where it all began! Two things to note: firstly, the texts in this period will likely strike you as very dated. Remember that academic books are usually being worked on for several years prior to publication, so books published in the early 90s were likely in the works from the mid-late 80s onwards. As such, these books are almost entirely concerned with metal as it existed in the US/UK in the 1970s and 80s. Barely any of these texts acknowledge developments in extreme metal or really ANYTHING outside of the US/UK, though even significant events in these locations are not given as much prominence as you might expect (I remember being particularly surprised that Metallica were not mentioned at all in these books published in the early 90s!) Secondly, you might note a very defensive tone in some of these early books (esp. Walser and Weinstein). Prior to these books, the only real 'academic literature' on metal are either polemics written by religious groups in the wake of the 'Satanic Panic' or 'analyses' commissioned by the PMRC in the wake of their infamous lawsuits. Needless to say, these texts describe metal as a horrifically corrupting force and a mired in issues of conflict of interest. As such, a decent chunk of the front matter to some of these books is making the case that metal is actually a culturally significant art form, something that doesn't really happen as seriously anymore because metal is generally accepted as a valid subject of inquiry by most scholars.

Deena Weinstein - Heavy Metal: A Cultural Sociology/Heavy Metal: The Music and its Culture (1991 [2000])
This is the first book-length study of heavy metal and it's still very much worth reading, even if it's a little dated. Weinstein clearly cares a great deal about heavy metal, and catalogues a lot of the extra-musical and cultural elements to the music. It's also interesting as a piece of history because Weinstein proposes a number of stylistic divisions between what she calls 'lite' metal (hair metal, glam, some trad and NWOBHM) and 'thrash' or 'underground' metal that hold up reasonably well as points of division between heavy metal and extreme metal these days - given the initial publication in 1991 (well before 'extreme metal' had taken on the shape it has today), this can seem almost prophetic. Though some of the comments made by Weinstein are dated and can seem a bit inaccurate after the genre developed through the 90s/00s (esp. in regards to the characteristics of the average metalhead), it's still a very interesting read, though I'd definitely recommend the updated and expanded version published in 2000 as Heavy Metal: The Music and It's Culture.

Robert Walser - Running with the Devil (1993)
Walser's book responds to some of the shortcomings he found in Weinstein's initial studies and also provides the first musicological examination of metal. Walser is quite clearly fascinated by metal and how it engages with texts and culture and he weaves together a number of musical and sociological elements in his study. Like Weinstein, he's mostly focused on metal from the 70s and 80s, and Walser includes several bands that I would absolutely call hard rock; as such, his comments on genre will likely sit somewhat uncomfortably with a contemporary metal audience. Nonetheless he gives quite a thorough musical treatment to metal, and his chapter on metal and classical music should be required reading for anyone who says 'DAE metal is basically classical lol'. I'd strongly recommend reading this, it's quite accessible, Walser is an engaging writer, and it doesn't rely too heavily on notated music or complicated music theory to follow many of the arguments.

Jeffery Arnett - Metalheads: Heavy Metal Music and Adolescent Alienation (1996)
NB: Arnett published a few book chapters in 1991-92 that seem to influence this book.
I've got some reservations about this one, largely due to its focus and how dated it comes across. It seems clear that Arnett has good intentions with this book, as he's trying to refocus some of the PMRC arguments that 'metal corrupts the youth' onto what 'the youth' actually think about metal, but he kind of misses the mark. The focus is overwhelmingly on metal being this youthful, lower-class, white, male music and how said youth engage with it. It does come across as someone looking at this object of 'heavy metal' and thinking 'wow, it's so violent and aggressive… but the youth seem to like it!' and just comes across as out-of-touch. It's not bad per-se, but it is completely outclassed by Weinstein and Walser's books and there is plenty of contemporary research into metal's socio-cultural makeup that is much more current and much less 'distant' from the subject matter. Worth a read if you really want a picture of where metal research was at in the mid-90s, but not too good for much else. Notably, I see all of the other books in this section cited fairly frequently in other books and papers, but Arnett is really only seen in an establishing literature review-style section, a picture more of what metal research once was rather than is now (much like this very paragraph).
As an aside, Donna Gaines' Teenage Wasteland: Suburbia's Dead End Kids (1997) follows a similar line of thought, again focusing on the 'Satanic Panic' and so-called 'troubled teens' that are into hard rock and heavy metal. Metal isn't really the focus here though, the focus is more on the teenage culture surrounding metal and hard rock in the 80s and 90s. It's a bit more positive, but still comes across as pretty dated and a bit patronizing in my opinion, though I will admit to only really skimming it.

Harris Berger (1999) - Metal Rock and Jazz (1999)
This book is a study of various music scenes in Akron, Ohio that uses a combination of ethnomusicology (the study of music and its specific cultures) and phenomenology (the study of perception, conciousness, and experience) as its methodical bases. Of particular interest to this sub is Berger's study of a death metal scene in Akron and the band Sin Eater as well as a study of a trad scene that features the band of Tim 'Ripper' Owens who would later feature in Judas Priest. Berger combines observation of concerts and participants (a bit like a David Attenborough of death metal) with his own analysis and interviews with band members and fans. This is truly an excellent book - Berger is clearly fascinated by death metal in particular and he's got some illuminating perspectives on how death metal operates in musical and cultural terms. While there's a decent amount of music analysis in here, it's fairly straightforward and tends to be explained in prose rather than complicated diagrams. Berger's arguments can be quite complicated at times though, especially when phenomenology is drawn into the mix, but the points he makes about how tonality and harmony operate in death metal are really fascinating and have been particularly influential on how I go about my own study. I can't really comment on the sections of this book that deal with rock and jazz, as I've only really read the metal sections in any detail. If they're anything like the metal sections, they're likely excellent though.
If you're really interested in Berger's death metal comments, there are two additional papers he wrote focusing more on his conversations with Dann Saladin of Sin Eater:
Berger, Harris M. "The Practice of Perception: Multi-Functionality and Time in the Musical Experiences of a Heavy Metal Drummer." Ethnomusicology 41, no. 3 (1997): 464-88.
Berger, Harris M. "Death Metal Tonality and the Act of Listening." Popular Music 18, no. 2 (1999): 161-78. http://www.jstor.org/stable/853599.

Developing metal studies

All is quiet on the metal front for some time after the books in the previous section, at least in regards to academic monographs (though there are a handful of papers that pop up and non-academic metal writing is alive and well). At this point, a chronological approach to metal studies is less helpful as everything explodes in the late 2000s and a wide variety of texts. As such, the texts in this section became important, for better or worse, in shaping what metal studies as a concrete field developed into.

Glen Pillsbury - Damage Incorporated: Metallica and the Production of Musical Identity (2006)
Pillsbury continues Walser's trend of New Musicology applied to metal. Stemming from a PhD supervised by Walser and heavily influenced by Susan Fast's In The Houses of the Holy: Led Zeppelin And The Power of Rock Music, we get our first metal monograph focused on a single band: Metallica. Pillsbury's analysis is really solid; he's focused mainly on how Metallica shift their musical identity throughout their career and how their music drives this and reflects this. There's some really interesting stuff in here, though there is occasionally a bit more of a reliance on subject semiology (the study of symbols) than I personally like. It's an accessible read and it deals with a band and music that I'm sure everyone here is intimately familiar with.

Andrew Cope - Black Sabbath and the Rise of Heavy Metal (2010)
A similar book to Pillsbury's, dealing with Black Sabbath instead of Metallica and likewise indebted to Susan Fast's book (which Cope engages with throughout his own). I'm a bit mixed on this book; on one hand, it does a lot of work differentiating between hard rock and heavy metal in the early years of the genre's development by outlining the significant musical differences between Black Sabbath and Led Zeppelin. On the other hand, Cope spends a LOT of time trying to make a case that Birmingham is the epicenter of all things metal, which is an idea that received a significant amount of criticism from various parts of the field. This is part of where the argument that 'a band must trace its lineage back to Black Sabbath to be metal' comes from - while Cope didn't invent it (at least to my knowledge, I'm sure people have been saying this since well before 2010) he certain tries to inject it into metal studies. Unfortunately, he doesn't back it up with enough musical evidence to definitively prove it in spite of how thoroughly he tries to prove it, and he's often cited by laypeople trying to back up the 'Black Sabbath lineage' argument. It's still a good read, especially for the way he differentiates hard rock and metal, but the full extent of his location arguments are unconvincing.

Keith Kahn-Harris - Extreme Metal: Music and Culture on the Edge (2007)
Not to be hyperbolic, but this is perhaps the most significant monograph in current metal studies, as it's half of the reason that a concrete field of metal studies developed. Kahn-Harris provides a sociological examination of extreme metal, examining scenes from the US, Sweden, the UK and Israel with some detail. There are some fascinating observations about how extreme metal scenes operate in this book and Kahn-Harris coins a number of terms that describe extreme metal culture really well. Of particular interest are his observation of the ways that 'capital' operates in scenes and the use of 'reflexive unreflexivity', where metal fans only think hard enough about problematic lyrics and themes in order to categorise them as non-problematic [note that this isn't an insult, it's just an observation]. Furthermore, this is the first big study on extreme metal, which shaped the way that the field developed fairly significantly. Extreme metal seems to fascinate a lot of academics, particularly in terms of its politics (or professed lack thereof) and its lyrics/themes and this is the start point for a majority of the studies conducted these days. Kahn-Harris manages to stay fairly neutral throughout; while it's clear that the lack of political engagement in extreme metal scenes bothers him, he does a good job of not condemning the whole genre for this, rather recognizing that there are legitimate reasons why fans operate in this way even if it disappoints him personally. It's a fairly short and engaging read, and I'd strongly recommend it.

Wallach and Levine - "I Want You To Support Local Metal": A Theory of Metal Scene Formation (2011)
A slight change of pace, this is a journal article rather than a book (citation below for those who want to read it). Jeremy Wallach is a fairly important figure in current metal studies, being largely involved with studies of metal scenes in South-East Asia (especially Indonesia). This paper provides a fascinating look at how metal scenes function and form, providing some principles for what classifies a scene. I strongly recommend reading this if you're interested in other types of heavy music (e.g. punk, hardcore, rock etc.) as Wallach and Levine do a great job of outlining which parts of their scene theories apply to musical scenes in general and which are more unique to metal.
Wallach, Jeremy and Levine, Alexandra . "'I Want You to Support Local Metal': A Theory of Metal Scene Formation." Popular Music History 6, no. 1 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/pomh.v6i1/2.116.

Metal Musicology

This is my personal area of expertise. I'm only covering big texts here (believe me, there's plenty to discuss even with the rarity of metal musicology that I mentioned earlier) so ask if you're interested. Do also note that these are specialist texts; while some bits are decently accessible these are far denser than Walser and Berger. They are designed for readers with postgraduate (or at least tertiary) level musicology qualifications and almost all require knowledge of music theory and the ability to read music. That said, they're worth a look, and I'll explain more in detail about each of them.

Esa Lilja - Theory and Analysis of Classic Heavy Metal Harmony (2009) + assorted material
This is one of the pillars of my own methods and it reads almost like a theory textbook for classic heavy metal. Do note that this is focused largely on CLASSIC metal - mostly bands from the 1970s and 1980s with a handful of bands that are closer to hard rock thrown in. Still, there are some great insights here in terms of typical modes, chord progressions, voice leading progressions etc. that apply to metal. While these observations are great, keep in mind that they're very music-theory-heavy and can get somewhat dense and complicated if you're unfamiliar with common-practice music theory and music notation. Lilja builds on his earlier thesis from 2004 (linked below) in showing how guitar distortion influences the way chords are voiced and what tones result from combined aural effects. It's really absolutely fascinating and explains some of reasons that particular chords are used in metal (including the open 5th power chord). Additionally, Lilja has two papers in the above MHM 2015 collection that are well worth reading, especially the 'Heavy Metal Music Analysis for Non-Musos' paper that introduces some of the complicated musicology terms to a non-musicology audience.
Lilja, Esa. "Characteristics of Heavy Metal Chord Structures: Their Acoustic and Modal Construction, and Relation to Modal and Tonal Context." Licentiate, University of Helsinki, 2004.

Dietmar Elflein - Schwermetalanalysen [Heavy Metal Analysis] (2010) + assorted papers
Up front there's one thing that holds Schwermetalanalysen back - it's in German. I've only read part of this, with my limited high-school German and a German dictionary on-hand, but from what I can gather it's fairly similar to Lilja, with some good insights about genre. If anyone is fluent in both German and musicology, I'd love to hear your input.
For those who can’t read German, don't fear, there's still some great content from Elflein. His 'Slaying the Pulse' article is a really revealing look at the unique way that rhythm operates within metal and gave me some great 'Aha!' moments in regards to my own songwriting and things I'd noticed I do when writing riffs. It provides a much more musicologically detailed answer to the infamous 'missing 32nd note' in 'Master of Puppets' (and traces the same phenomenon through other songs like 'Number of the Beast') that is much better than all the YouTube videos that try to answer bits of the same question. Likewise, his chapter in the aforementioned 'Current Directions in Metal Studies' book is a fascinating look at musical structure in metal. All his English-language work is well worth a read, though it can get pretty dense at time.
Elflein, Dietmar. 'Slaying the Pulse: Rhythmic Organisation and Rhythmic Interplay within Heavy Metal'. The Metal Void: First Gatherings. Edited by Niall W.R. Scott and Imke Von Helden. Oxford: Inter-Disciplinary Press, 2010.

Eric Smialek - Genre and Expression in Extreme Metal Music ca. 1990-2015 (2015); Rethinking Metal Aesthetics: Complexity, Authenticity and Audience in Meshuggah's I and Catch ThirtyThr33 (2008)
Both of these are theses, one Masters (2008), one PhD (2015) and both are excellent. Reading Smialek's work for the first time was a huge encouragement to me as it was the first time I read metal literature that resonated completely with my own experience as a metal fan. His comments on aesthetics in the Masters' thesis are really interesting, but the real gold for me was the first chapter where he discusses what the word 'metal' means relative to 'heavy metal' and how the word has changed meaning across the decades since the genre's inception. Smialek also accounts for online metal scenes (forums, Metal Archives, etc.) and how fans' experiences in these areas operate and I think this is why I identified so closely with his explanations. His entire PhD thesis is an excellent example of what metal musicology should be, as he often leaves traditional harmonic analysis behind for his own methods and graphs used to explain musical structures in metal. He also closely connects these to metal's 'paratexts' (album covers, band artwork, merchandise, lyrics, etc.) and convincingly links musical and extra-musical characteristics of heavy metal. His PhD thesis also contains some excellent comments on genre, and he critically analyses some of the (in)famous metal 'family trees' and their shortcomings. I strongly recommend everything written by him, as there are a few scattered book chapters and other papers out there and most of his stuff can be found through McGill University.

Miscellaneous papers on metal musicology

Scotto, Ciro. "The Structural Role of Distortion in Hard Rock and Heavy Metal." Music Theory Spectrum 38, no. 2 (09/2016 2016): 178-99.
Dense as all hell, but a fantastic example of how new methods must be developed by musicologists if we're going to analyse metal properly. Scotto is focused on distortion and how it differs between hard rock and heavy metal. To illustrate this fully he develops a concept he calls 'dist-space' that is really pretty hard to summarise concisely, but it's kind of a graphic representation of sonic space and timbral contour. He raises some excellent points about how traditional musicology tends to prioritise pitch relationships above all else, but other genres of music might not foreground pitch as much as other musical elements (e.g. rhythm, timbre, texture, aesthetics etc.). It's a bit of a slog to read, but still worth it.

Hillier, Benjamin. "The Aesthetic-Sonic Shift of Melodic Death Metal." Metal Music Studies 4, no. 1 (2018): 5-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/mms.4.1.5_1.
Full disclosure: I wrote this. I'm not trying to blow my own horn with this, but I'm very proud of my work here and it's an example of how I think metal musicology should be done. This is a chapter of my honours thesis focusing on Gothenburg melodic death metal, and I demonstrate how a shift in musical styles from more typical death metal to melodic death metal is combined with a shift in aesthetics (specifically, production styles, album artwork and lyrical themes). This is designed to be paired with several chapters of more thorough musical analysis that are currently under review in another journal, but the point I'm trying to make is still fairly clear. PM me if you're interested in any of my other work, I'm generally happy to share it when I'm not legally obligated to direct you to a publication. :)

Meshuggah papers
There's a large amount of musicology that analyses Meshuggah as well, to the point where a recent paper suggested that 'Meshuggah Studies' might develop as a sub-field of metal studies in the same way that 'Beethoven studies' and 'Bach Studies' is a thing. These papers tend to be extremely dense as they're pretty uniformly written for other music theorists, but there's some really interesting material nonetheless. I'll link a few below for those interested (NB: Music Theory Online is an online, open-access journal, meaning anything from there can be read by anyone for free - there's a decent amount of metal papers in the back issues if you're interested in trawling through them).
Pieslak, Jonathan. 2007. “Re-Casting Metal: Rhythm and Meter in the Music of Meshuggah.” Music Theory Spectrum 29 (2): 219–245.
Capuzzo, Guy. 2018. “Rhythmic Deviance in the Music of Meshuggah.” Music Theory Spectrum 40 (1): 121–137.
Lucas, Olivia. 2018. "'So Complete in Beautiful Deformity': Unexpected Beginnings and Rotated Riffs in Meshuggah's obZen." Music Theory Online 24(3), http://mtosmt.org/issues/mto.18.24.3/mto.18.24.3.lucas.html.

Contemporary Metal Studies

Metal studies is alive and well and is curently growing pretty exponentially as a field (I've seen three CFPs for edited books on metal in the last few months!). While there's an increasing number of publications in different areas to keep up with, I'm just going to share some of the recent ones that jump out to me in terms of quality and interest.

Wallach, Berger and Green (eds.) - Metal Rules the Globe: Heavy Metal Music Around the World (2011)
If Wallach's examination of metal scenes piqued your interest, this edited volume will fill your appetite. This collection examines metal scenes from across the globe from a wide variety of different angles. I've managed to work my way through about half of this so far, and there are some very interesting sections (especially the introductory chapters, the chapters on small metal scenes in Malta, Slovenia and Easter Island, and the afterword by Robert Walser).

Michelle Phillipov - Death Metal and Music Criticism (2012)
This is a great book because it takes some of the points that Kahn-Harris in regards to extreme metal scenes and interrogates them thoroughly. In particular, Phillipov makes the case that metal doesn't need to be politically aware or engaged, comparing the academic reaction to punk, hip-hop and EDM with the academic reaction to death metal. Phillipov's overarching point is that extreme metal has its own pleasures for listeners and doesn't need to conform to what others want it to be. Rather, listeners need to reorient their own perspectives and listening practices if they are to fully engage with death metal on its own terms. There's some really fascinating stuff in here and it's well worth a read. As a fun fact, Phillipov was originally going to be one of my PhD supervisors, but sadly moved universities shortly before I began my work.

Toni-Matti Karjalainen (ed.) - Sounds of Origin in Heavy Metal Music (2018)
This is a very recent publication, being about a month old. It's based on proceedings from MHM 2017, and examines authenticity in a variety of scenes. It's probably somewhat tricky to get your hands on (still trying to convince my library…) but the reviews seem to be good and the editor has a track record of being heavily involved in the MHM conferences and producing good work.

Gracyk, Theodore "Heavy Metal: Genre? Style? Subculture?" Philosophy Compass 11, no. 12 (2016): 775-85. http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12386
This is an interesting one - some of the comments Gracyk makes strike me as a bit wishy-washy, but it's an interesting look at metal from a philosophical perspective. His comments about genre are sometimes very perceptive (such as when he discusses the problems with metal's genre canons) and sometimes waffle a bit or fail to distinguish between metal and rock. Still worth a read IMO.

Non-Academic metal literature

While these texts aren't "peer-reviewed", there's still a fair amount of good content here. I've used the first three somewhat frequently in my work, and I've seen all five cited in various papers (though not always for positive reasons!). Irrespective of academics' opinions on them, many of these are an excellent read and are written by very knowledgeable people, in spite of the common shortcomings applied to some of these texts.

Ian Christe - Sound of the Beast: A Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal (2003)
If you're looking for a solid summary of the history of metal, look no further. Ian Christie has long been involved in writing on metal and metal journalism, and he's got a great (often first-hand) perspective on a lot of metal history. It's a great read, with my only real criticism being that it's nearly entirely focused on bands from the US and UK and can sometimes feel a little dated and stuck-in-the-past. His 'Top 25 albums of all time' is a good example, the most recent of which was released in 1994, nearly a decade before the publication of the book (though otherwise it's a pretty good list). Christie writes well, is generally pretty fair in his assessments and manages to weave a pretty coherent narrative without marginalising too many bands, a pretty significant achievement for any book that wants to tell a history of something to a popular audience. I'd strongly recommend this for a weekend read.

Albert Mudrian - Choosing Death: The Improbable History of Death Metal and Grindcore (2004)
Very similar to Christie's book, but focusing much more specifically on death metal and grindcore (as the name suggests). Mudrian is the editor-in-chief of Decibel magazine, giving him a frontline experience with a lot of this history that is backed up by pretty extensive interviews with a lot of bands. Like Christie, Mudrian is an engaging writer who generally does a good job of telling the full story, warts-and-all. This detail comes at the price of breadth: the book is focused almost entirely on a few bands in the UK (Napalm Death, Carcass) and the US (Morbid Angel, Death, Obituary and the other Florida bands) with the Swedish scene getting a bit of a mention and the time period stays pretty focused from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s. This isn't a bad thing, it's just a trade-off for the amazing depth and the book is still an engaging read. Apparently, an expanded edition was published in 2016, though I haven't read it and I'm not sure how it differs.

Daniel Ekeroth - Swedish Death Metal (2008)
I really love this book, in spite of its flaws, as it's what got me into classic Swedish OSDM. Ekeroth is refreshingly honest as a writer: being a member of the scene that he's writing about, he fully acknowledges that he's not objective, but decides that the trade-off is the amount of detail that he can provide. There's clearly a huge amount of passion that has gone into this, with pages and pages of photos of album covers, gig flyers, bands etc. and a mini-encyclopedia of bands at the back. Like Mudrian, there's a mix of history/narrative and interviews with various band members talking very candidly about their history. Swedish Death Metal fits very well with Choosing Death, with Ekeroth filling in detail on the Swedish scene that Mudrian skims. I've seen some criticism of Ekeroth's characterisation of Swedish trad metal though: as he tells it, there was nothing really noteworthy going on with Swedish metal until the death metal scene developed in Stockholm, yet there was a fairly lively trad scene going on that a few mods here have shared bits of. Nonetheless, this is a great place to go to if you're interested in where, when and how Swedish death metal developed.

Sam Dunn - Metal: A Headbanger's Journey (2005); Global Metal (2007)
These are somewhat infamous, especially on Shreddit. People like to rip on Dunn for his (sometimes fairly obvious) inaccuracies, especially in Metal: A Headbanger's Journey. Dunn and the other filmmakers certainly have a narrative that they're trying to tell, and that narrative has some issues, but there's some decent content in here. The most interesting stuff is the participant interviews (though some things in them are presented as gospel truths by the documentary and narration that are really much more subjective than it makes out), picking out some big names in metal academia alongside some big bands. The biggest issue is that Dunn presents himself as an expert and then goes on to make some mistakes (Smialek has a good discussion of some of these in his 2015 thesis) or make some frankly laughable statements (like describing Slaughter of the Soul as an 'underrated gem' when it's one of the biggest and most influential albums in its genre or playing way too hard into black metal stereotypes). Where people get upset is that Headbanger's Journey is often shown to people who are not familiar with metal at all as an introduction to how metal works and many of these mistakes then pass into 'fact' for people who are not familiar with alternative perspectives on metal. I certainly wouldn't show this to some as an introduction (unless I were watching it with them, clarifying some things), but I do think it's worth watching for some interesting comments made in the interviews. It's very much a mixed bag, but there's some decent material in here. Global Metal, the follow-up documentary, still has some of these problems but does a bit of a better job (or perhaps I'm just far less familiar with much of the subject matter) and addresses in part the all-too-common issue of metal writing being largely focused on the US and Western Europe.

Aaron Aites and Audrey Ewell - Until The Light Takes Us (2008)
So… this is a thing. I'm sure many are familiar with this documentary and its attempt to tell the infamous stories of the Norwegian black metal scene in the 1990s. The biggest issue here is the sheer absence of objectivity; it feels like the filmmakers fell in love with some of the participants halfway through filming (especially Varg) and present these people in such a perfect, santised way that it becomes ridiculous. The story being told is multi-dimensional and complicated and the documentary effectively boils it down to an 'I said/they said' argument before coming down heavily in favour of one side, retelling the folklore around the events as though it were fact, rather than the events themselves. Again, some of the participant interviews are interesting (the mid-2000s version of Varg can be fun to compare to his YouTube channel these days) but many people are unreliable narrators that the documentary makes little effort to interrogate. The events in the documentary happened in the early/mid-1990s and have been told and retold a thousand times over before this documentary, that arrives well after the fact without adding anything of significance. Watch it if you want to (it's nearly becoming one of those things that you watch to understand how bad it is) but keep a very critical perspective in mind.

Conclusion

I hope this has encouraged people to see the wide range of literature that's out there on metal studies. This truly is just an introduction, there's a lot of material out there that I didn't include. It's increasingly becoming viable to do funded, postgraduate work studying metal if you're so inclined. I'm certainly not the only one doing postgraduate metal here: u/Ave_Lucifer, though not around anymore, was doing his masters, an_altar_of_plagues is thinking about getting into the game and I've run across a few others on reddit that are doing or have done metal academics in a few different areas. Give it a go, and I'd love to chat more about anything if people are keen!
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An extensive guide for cashing out bitcoin and cryptocurrencies into private banks

Hey guys.
Merry Xmas !
I am coming back to you with a follow up post, as I have helped many people cash out this year and I have streamlined the process. After my original post, I received many requests to be more specific and provide more details. I thought that after the amazing rally we have been attending over the last few months, and the volatility of the last few days, it would be interesting to revisit more extensively.
The attitude of banks around crypto is changing slowly, but it is still a tough stance. For the first partial cash out I operated around a year ago for a client, it took me months to find a bank. They wouldn’t want to even consider the case and we had to knock at each and every door. Despite all my contacts it was very difficult back in the days. This has changed now, and banks have started to open their doors, but there is a process, a set of best practices and codes one has to follow.
I often get requests from crypto guys who are very privacy-oriented, and it takes me months to have them understand that I am bound by Swiss law on banking secrecy, and I am their ally in this onboarding process. It’s funny how I have to convince people that banks are legit, while on the other side, banks ask me to show that crypto millionaires are legit. I have a solid background in both banking and in crypto so I manage to make the bridge, but yeah sometimes it is tough to reconcile the two worlds. I am a crypto enthusiast myself and I can say that after years of work in the banking industry I have grown disillusioned towards banks as well, like many of you. Still an account in a Private bank is convenient and powerful. So let’s get started.
There are two different aspects to your onboarding in a Swiss Private bank, compliance-wise.
*The origin of your crypto wealth
*Your background (residence, citizenship and probity)
These two aspects must be documented in-depth.
How to document your crypto wealth. Each new crypto millionaire has a different story. I may detail a few fun stories later in this post, but at the end of the day, most of crypto rich I have met can be categorized within the following profiles: the miner, the early adopter, the trader, the corporate entity, the black market, the libertarian/OTC buyer. The real question is how you prove your wealth is legit.
1. Context around the original amount/investment Generally speaking, your first crypto purchase may not be documented. But the context around this acquisition can be. I have had many cases where the original amount was bought through Mtgox, and no proof of purchase could be provided, nor could be documented any Mtgox claim. That’s perfectly fine. At some point Mtgox amounted 70% of the bitcoin transactions globally, and people who bought there and managed to withdraw and keep hold of their bitcoins do not have any Mtgox claim. This is absolutely fine. However, if you can show me the record of a wire from your bank to Tisbane (Mtgox's parent company) it's a great way to start.
Otherwise, what I am trying to document here is the following: I need context. If you made your first purchase by saving from summer jobs, show me a payroll. Even if it was USD 2k. If you acquired your first bitcoins from mining, show me the bills of your mining equipment from 2012 or if it was through a pool mine, give me your slushpool account ref for instance. If you were given bitcoin against a service you charged, show me an invoice.
2. Tracking your wealth until today and making sense of it. What I have been doing over the last few months was basically educating compliance officers. Thanks God, the blockchain is a global digital ledger! I have been telling my auditors and compliance officers they have the best tool at their disposal to lead a proper investigation. Whether you like it or not, your wealth can be tracked, from address to address. You may have thought all along this was a bad feature, but I am telling you, if you want to cash out, in the context of Private Banking onboarding, tracking your wealth through the block explorer is a boon. We can see the inflows, outflows. We can see the age behind an address. An early adopter who bought 1000 BTC in 2010, and let his bitcoin behind one address and held thus far is legit, whether or not he has a proof of purchase to show. That’s just common sense. My job is to explain that to the banks in a language they understand.
Let’s have a look at a few examples and how to document the few profiles I mentioned earlier.
The trader. I love traders. These are easy cases. I have a ton of respect for them. Being a trader myself in investment banks for a decade earlier in my career has taught me that controlling one’s emotions and having the discipline to impose oneself some proper risk management system is really really hard. Further, being able to avoid the exchange bankruptcy and hacks throughout crypto history is outstanding. It shows real survival instinct, or just plain blissed ignorance. In any cases traders at exchange are easy cases to corroborate since their whole track record is potentially available. Some traders I have met have automated their trading and have shown me more than 500k trades done over the span of 4 years. Obviously in this kind of scenario I don’t show everything to the bank to avoid information overload, and prefer to do some snacking here and there. My strategy is to show the early trades, the most profitable ones, explain the trading strategy and (partially expose) the situation as of now with id pages of the exchanges and current balance. Many traders have become insensitive to the risk of parking their crypto at exchange as they want to be able to trade or to grasp an occasion any minute, so they generally do not secure a substantial portion on the blockchain which tends to make me very nervous.
The early adopter. Provided that he has not mixed his coin, the early adopter or “hodler” is not a difficult case either. Who cares how you bought your first 10k btc if you bought them below 3$ ? Even if you do not have a purchase proof, I would generally manage to find ways. We just have to corroborate the original 30’000 USD investment in this case. I mainly focus on three things here:
*proof of early adoption I have managed to educate some banks on a few evidences specifically related to crypto markets. For instance with me, an old bitcointalk account can serve as a proof of early adoption. Even an old reddit post from a few years ago where you say how much you despise this Ripple premined scam can prove to be a treasure readily available to show you were early.
*story telling Compliance officers like to know when, why and how. They are human being looking for simple answers to simple questions and they don’t want like to be played fool. Telling the truth, even without a proof can do wonders, and even though bluffing might still work because banks don’t fully understand bitcoin yet, it is a risky strategy that is less and less likely to pay off as they are getting more sophisticated by the day.
*micro transaction from an old address you control This is the killer feature. Send a $20 worth transaction from an old address to my company wallet and to one of my partner bank’s wallet and you are all set ! This is gold and considered a very solid piece of evidence. You can also do a microtransaction to your own wallet, but banks generally prefer transfer to their own wallet. Patience with them please. they are still learning.
*signature message Why do a micro transaction when you can sign a message and avoid potentially tainting your coins ?
*ICO millionaire Some clients made their wealth participating in ETH crowdsale or IOTA ICO. They were very easy to deal with obviously and the account opening was very smooth since we could evidence the GENESIS TxHash flow.
The miner Not so easy to proof the wealth is legit in that case. Most early miners never took screenshot of the blocks on bitcoin core, nor did they note down the block number of each block they mined. Until the the Slashdot article from August 2010 anyone could mine on his laptop, let his computer run overnight and wake up to a freshly minted block containing 50 bitcoins back in the days. Not many people were structured enough to store and secure these coins, avoid malwares while syncing the blockchain continuously, let alone document the mined blocks in the process. What was 50 BTC worth really for the early miners ? dust of dollars, games and magic cards… Even miners post 2010 are generally difficult to deal with in terms of compliance onboarding. Many pool mining are long dead. Deepbit is down for instance and the founders are MIA. So my strategy to proof mining activity is as follow:
*Focusing on IT background whenever possible. An IT background does help a lot to bring some substance to the fact you had the technical ability to operate a mining rig.
*Showing mining equipment receipts. If you mined on your own you must have bought the hardware to do so. For instance mining equipment receipts from butterfly lab from 2012-2013 could help document your case. Similarly, high electricity bill from your household on a consistent basis back in the day could help. I have already unlocked a tricky case in the past with such documents when the bank was doubtful.
*Wallet.dat files with block mining transactions from 2011 thereafter This obviously is a fantastic piece of evidence for both you and me if you have an old wallet and if you control an address that received original mined blocks, (even if the wallet is now empty). I will make sure compliance officers understand what it means, and as for the early adopter, you can prove your control over these wallet through a microtransaction. With these kind of addresses, I can show on the block explorer the mined block rewards hitting at regular time interval, and I can even spot when difficulty level increased or when halvening process happened.
*Poolmining account. Here again I have educated my partner bank to understand that a slush account opened in 2013 or an OnionTip presence was enough to corroborate mining activity. The block explorer then helps me to do the bridge with your current wallet.
*Describing your set up and putting it in context In the history of mining we had CPU, GPU, FPG and ASICs mining. I will describe your technical set up and explain why and how your set up was competitive at that time.
The corporate entity Remember 2012 when we were all convinced bitcoin would take over the world, and soon everyone would pay his coffee in bitcoin? How naïve we were to think transaction fees would remain low forever. I don’t blame bitcoin cash supporters; I once shared this dream as well. Remember when we thought global adoption was right around the corner and some brick and mortar would soon accept bitcoin transaction as a common mean of payment? Well, some shop actually did accept payment and held. I had a few cases as such of shops holders, who made it to the multi million mark holding and had invoices or receipts to proof the transactions. If you are organized enough to keep a record for these trades and are willing to cooperate for the documentation, you are making your life easy. The digital advertising business is also a big market for the bitcoin industry, and affiliates partner compensated in btc are common. It is good to show an invoice, it is better to show a contract. If you do not have a contract (which is common since all advertising deals are about ticking a check box on the website to accept terms and conditions), there are ways around that. If you are in that case, pm me.
The black market Sorry guys, I can’t do much for you officially. Not that I am judging you. I am a libertarian myself. It’s just already very difficult to onboard legit btc adopters, so the black market is a market I cannot afford to consider. My company is regulated so KYC and compliance are key for me if I want to stay in business. Behind each case I push forward I am risking the credibility and reputation I have built over the years. So I am sorry guys I am not risking it to make an extra buck. Your best hope is that crypto will eventually take over the world and you won’t need to cash out anyway. Or go find a Lithuanian bank that is light on compliance and cooperative.
The OTC buyer and the libertarian. Generally a very difficult case. If you bought your stack during your journey in Japan 5 years ago to a guy you never met again; or if you accumulated on https://localbitcoins.com/ and kept no record or lost your account, it is going to be difficult. Not impossible but difficult. We will try to build a case with everything else we have, and I may be able to onboard you. However I am risking a lot here so I need to be 100% confident you are legit, before I defend you. Come & see me in Geneva, and we will talk. I will run forensic services like elliptic, chainalysis, or scorechain on an extract of your wallet. If this scan does not raise too many red flags, then maybe we can work together ! If you mixed your coins all along your crypto history, and shredded your seeds because you were paranoid, or if you made your wealth mining professionally monero over the last 3 years but never opened an account at an exchange. ¯_(ツ)_/¯ I am not a magician and don’t get me wrong, I love monero, it’s not the point.
Cashing out ICOs Private companies or foundations who have ran an ICO generally have a very hard time opening a bank account. The few banks that accept such projects would generally look at 4 criteria:
*Seriousness of the project Extensive study of the whitepaper to limit the reputation risk
*AML of the onboarding process ICOs 1.0 have no chance basically if a background check of the investors has not been conducted
*Structure of the moral entity List of signatories, certificate of incumbency, work contract, premises...
*Fiscal conformity Did the company informed the authorities and seek a fiscal ruling.
For the record, I am not into the tax avoidance business, so people come to me with a set up and I see if I can make it work within the legal framework imposed to me.
First, stop thinking Switzerland is a “offshore heaven” Swiss banks have made deals with many governments for the exchange of fiscal information. If you are a French citizen, resident in France and want to open an account in a Private Bank in Switzerland to cash out your bitcoins, you will get slaughtered (>60%). There are ways around that, and I could refer you to good tax specialists for fiscal optimization, but I cannot organize it myself. It would be illegal for me. Swiss private banks makes it easy for you to keep a good your relation with your retail bank and continue paying your bills without headaches. They are integrated to SEPA, provide ebanking and credit cards.
For information, these are the kind of set up some of my clients came up with. It’s all legal; obviously I do not onboard clients that are not tax compliant. Further disclaimer: I did not contribute myself to these set up. Do not ask me to organize it for you. I won’t.
EU tricks
Swiss lump sum taxation Foreign nationals resident in Switzerland can be taxed on a lump-sum basis if they are not gainfully employed in our country. Under the lump-sum tax regime, foreign nationals taking residence in Switzerland may choose to pay an expense-based tax instead of ordinary income and wealth tax. Attractive cantons for the lump sum taxation are Zug, Vaud, Valais, Grisons, Lucerne and Berne. To make it short, you will be paying somewhere between 200 and 400k a year and all expenses will be deductible.
Switzerland has adopted a very friendly attitude towards crypto currency in general. There is a whole crypto valley in Zug now. 30% of ICOs are operated in Switzerland. The reason is that Switzerland has thrived for centuries on banking secrecy, and today with FATCA and exchange of fiscal info with EU, banking secrecy is dead. Regulators in Switzerland have understood that digital ledger technologies were a way to roll over this competitive advantage for the generations to come. Switzerland does not tax capital gains on crypto profits. The Finma has a very pragmatic approach. They have issued guidance- updated guidelines here. They let the business get organized and operate their analysis on a case per case basis. Only after getting a deep understanding of the market will they issue a global fintech license in 2019. This approach is much more realistic than legislations which try to regulate everything beforehand.
Italy new tax exemption. It’s a brand new fiscal exemption. Go to Aoste, get residency and you could be taxed a 100k/year for 10years. Yes, really.
Portugal What’s crazy in Europe is the lack of fiscal harmonization. Even if no one in Brussels dares admit it, every other country is doing fiscal dumping. Portugal is such a country and has proved very friendly fiscally speaking. I personally have a hard time trusting Europe. I have witnessed what happened in Greece over the last few years. Some of our ultra high net worth clients got stuck with capital controls. I mean no way you got out of crypto to have your funds confiscated at the next financial crisis! Anyway. FYI
Malta Generally speaking, if you get a residence somewhere you have to live there for a certain period of time. Being stuck in Italy is no big deal with Schengen Agreement, but in Malta it is a different story. In Malta, the ordinary residence scheme is more attractive than the HNWI residence scheme. Being an individual, you can hold a residence permit under this scheme and pay zero income tax in Malta in a completely legal way.
Monaco Not suitable for French citizens, but for other Ultra High Net worth individual, Monaco is worth considering. You need an account at a local bank as a proof of fortune, and this account generally has to be seeded with at least EUR500k. You also need a proof of residence. I do mean UHNI because if you don’t cash out minimum 30m it’s not interesting. Everything is expensive in Monaco. Real Estate is EUR 50k per square meter. A breakfast at Monte Carlo Bay hotel is 70 EUR. Monaco is sunny but sometimes it feels like a golden jail. Do you really want that for your kids?
Dubaï
  1. Set up a company in Dubaï, get your resident card.
  2. Spend one day every 6 month there
  3. ???
  4. Be tax free
US tricks Some Private banks in Geneva do have the license to manage the assets of US persons and U.S citizens. However, do not think it is a way to avoid paying taxes in the US. Opening an account at an authorized Swiss Private banks is literally the same tax-wise as opening an account at Fidelity or at Bank of America in the US. The only difference is that you will avoid all the horror stories. Horror stories are all real by the way. In Switzerland, if you build a decent case and answer all the questions and corroborate your case in depth, you will manage to convince compliance officers beforehand. When the money eventually hits your account, it is actually available and not frozen.
The IRS and FATCA require to file FBAR if an offshore account is open. However FBAR is a reporting requirement and does not have taxes related to holding an account outside the US. The taxes would be the same if the account was in the US. However penalties for non compliance with FBAR are very large. The tax liability management is actually performed through the management of the assets ( for exemple by maximizing long term capital gains and minimizing short term gains).
The case for Porto Rico. Full disclaimer here. I am not encouraging this. Have not collaborated on such tax avoidance schemes. if you are interested I strongly encourage you to seek a tax advisor and get a legal opinion. I am not responsible for anything written below. I am not going to say much because I am so afraid of uncle Sam that I prefer to humbly pass the hot potato to pwc From here all it takes is a good advisor and some creativity to be tax free on your crypto wealth if you are a US person apparently. Please, please please don’t ask me more. And read the disclaimer again.
Trust tricks Generally speaking I do not accept fringe fiscal situation because it puts me in a difficult situation to the banks I work with, and it is already difficult enough to defend a legit crypto case. Trust might be a way to optimize your fiscal situation. Belize. Bahamas. Seychelles. Panama, You name it. At the end of the day, what matters for Swiss Banks are the beneficial owner and the settlor. Get a legal opinion, get it done, and when you eventually knock at a private bank’s door, don’t say it was for fiscal avoidance you stupid ! You will get the door smashed upon you. Be smarter. It will work. My advice is just to have it done by a great tax specialist lawyer, even if it costs you some money, as the entity itself needs to be structured in a professional way. Remember that with trust you are dispossessing yourself off your wealth. Not something to be taken lightly.
“Anonymous” cash out. Right. I think I am not going into this topic, neither expose the ways to get it done. Pm me for details. I already feel a bit uncomfortable with all the info I have provided. I am just going to mention many people fear that crypto exchange might become reporting entities soon, and rightly so. This might happen anyday. You have been warned. FYI, this only works for non-US and large cash out.
The difference between traders an investors. Danmark, Holland and Germany all make a huge difference if you are a passive investor or if you are a trader. ICO is considered investing for instance and is not taxed, while trading might be considered as income and charged aggressively. I would try my best to protect you and put a focus on your investor profile whenever possible, so you don't have to pay 52% tax if you do not have to :D
Full cash out or partial cash out? People who have been sitting on crypto for long have grown an emotional and irrational link with their coins. They come to me and say, look, I have 50m in crypto but I would like to cash out 500k only. So first let me tell you that as a wealth manager my advice to you is to take some off the table. Doing a partial cash out is absolutely fine. The market is bullish. We are witnessing a redistribution of wealth at a global scale. Bitcoin is the real #occupywallstreet, and every one will discuss crypto at Xmas eve which will make the market even more supportive beginning 2018, especially with all hedge funds entering the scene. If you want to stay exposed to bitcoin and altcoins, and believe these techs will change the world, it’s just natural you want to keep some coins. In the meantime, if you have lived off pizzas over the last years, and have the means to now buy yourself an nice house and have an account at a private bank, then f***ing do it mate ! Buy physical gold with this account, buy real estate, have some cash at hands. Even though US dollar is worthless to your eyes, it’s good and convenient to have some. Also remember your wife deserves it ! And if you have no wife yet and you are socially awkward like the rest of us, then maybe cashing out partially will help your situation ;)
What the Private Banks expect. Joke aside, it is important you understand something. If you come around in Zurich to open a bank account and partially cash out, just don’t expect Private Banks will make an exception for you if you are small. You can’t ask them to facilitate your cash out, buy a 1m apartment with the proceeds of the sale, and not leave anything on your current account. It won’t work. Sadly, under 5m you are considered small in private banking. The bank is ok to let you open an account, provided that your kyc and compliance file are validated, but they will also want you to become a client and leave some money there to invest. This might me despicable, but I am just explaining you their rules. If you want to cash out, you should sell enough to be comfortable and have some left. Also expect the account opening to last at least 3-4 week if everything goes well. You can't just open an account overnight.
The cash out logistics. Cashing out 1m USD a day in bitcoin or more is not so hard.
Let me just tell you this: Even if you get a Tier 4 account with Kraken and ask Alejandro there to raise your limit over $100k per day, Even if you have a bitfinex account and you are willing to expose your wealth there, Even if you have managed to pass all the crazy due diligence at Bitstamp,
The amount should be fractioned to avoid risking your full wealth on exchange and getting slaughtered on the price by trading big quantities. Cashing out involves significant risks at all time. There is a security risk of compromising your keys, a counterparty risk, a fat finger risk. Let it be done by professionals. It is worth every single penny.
Most importantly, there is a major difference between trading on an exchange and trading OTC. Even though it’s not publicly disclosed some exchange like Kraken do have OTC desks. Trading on an exchange for a large amount will weight on the prices. Bitcoin is a thin market. In my opinion over 30% of the coins are lost in translation forever. Selling $10m on an exchange in a day can weight on the prices more than you’d think. And if you trade on a exchange, everything is shown on record, and you might wipe out the prices because on exchanges like bitstamp or kraken ultimately your counterparties are retail investors and the market depth is not huge. It is a bit better on Bitfinex. It is way better to trade OTC. Accessing the institutional OTC market is not easy, and that is also the reason why you should ask a regulated financial intermediary if we are talking about huge amounts.
Last point, always chose EUR as opposed to USD. EU correspondent banks won’t generally block institutional amounts. However we had the cases of USD funds frozen or delayed by weeks.
Most well-known OTC desks are Cumberlandmining (ask for Lucas), Genesis (ask for Martin), Bitcoin Suisse AG (ask for Niklas), circletrade, B2C2, or Altcoinomy (ask for Olivier)
Very very large whales can also set up escrow accounts for massive block trades. This world, where blocks over 30k BTC are exchanged between 2 parties would deserve a reddit thread of its own. Crazyness all around.
Your options: DIY or going through a regulated financial intermediary.
Execution trading is a job in itself. You have to be patient, be careful not to wipe out the order book and place limit orders, monitor the market intraday for spikes or opportunities. At big levels, for a large cash out that may take weeks, these kind of details will save you hundred thousands of dollars. I understand crypto holders are suspicious and may prefer to do it by themselves, but there are regulated entities who now offer the services. Besides, being a crypto millionaire is not a guarantee you will get institutional daily withdrawal limits at exchange. You might, but it will take you another round of KYC with them, and surprisingly this round might be even more aggressive that the ones at Private banks since exchange have gone under intense scrutiny by regulators lately.
The fees for cashing out through a regulated financial intermediary to help you with your cash out should be around 1-2% flat on the nominal, not more. And for this price you should get the full package: execution/monitoring of the trades AND onboarding in a private bank. If you are asked more, you are being abused.
Of course, you also have the option to do it yourself. It is a way more tedious and risky process. Compliance with the exchange, compliance with the private bank, trading BTC/fiat, monitoring the transfers…You will save some money but it will take you some time and stress. Further, if you approach a private bank directly, it will trigger a series of red flag to the banks. As I said in my previous post, they call a direct approach a “walk-in”. They will be more suspicious than if you were introduced by someone and won’t hesitate to show you high fees and load your portfolio with in-house products that earn more money to the banks than to you. Remember also most banks still do not understand crypto so you will have a lot of explanations to provide and you will have to start form scratch with them!
The paradox of crypto millionaires Most of my clients who made their wealth through crypto all took massive amount of risks to end up where they are. However, most of them want their bank account to be managed with a low volatility fixed income capital preservation risk profile. This is a paradox I have a hard time to explain and I think it is mainly due to the fact that most are distrustful towards banks and financial markets in general. Many clients who have sold their crypto also have a cash-out blues in the first few months. This is a classic situation. The emotions involved in hodling for so long, the relief that everything has eventually gone well, the life-changing dynamics, the difficulties to find a new motivation in life…All these elements may trigger a post cash-out depression. It is another paradox of the crypto rich who has every card in his hand to be happy, but often feel a bit sad and lonely. Sometimes, even though it’s not my job, I had to do some psychological support. A lot of clients have also become my friends, because we have the same age and went through the same “ordeal”. First world problem I know… Remember, cashing out is not the end. It’s actually the beginning. Don’t look back, don’t regret. Cash out partially, because it does not make sense to cash out in full, regret it and want back in. relax.
The race to cash out crypto billionaire and the concept of late exiter. The Winklevoss brothers are obviously the first of a series. There will be crypto billionaires. Many of them. At a certain level you can have a whole family office working for you to manage your assets and take care of your needs . However, let me tell you it’s is not because you made it so big that you should think you are a genius and know everything better than anyone. You should hire professionals to help you. Managing assets require some education around the investment vehicles and risk management strategies. Sorry guys but with all the respect I have for wallstreebet, AMD and YOLO stock picking, some discipline is necessary. The investors who have made money through crypto are generally early adopters. However I have started to see another profile popping up. They are not early adopters. They are late exiters. It is another way but just as efficient. Last week I met the first crypto millionaire I know who first bough bitcoin over 1000$. 55k invested at the beginning of this year. Late adopter & late exiter is a route that can lead to the million.
Last remarks. I know banks, bankers, and FIAT currencies are so last century. I know some of you despise them and would like to have them burn to the ground. With compliance officers taking over the business, I would like to start the fire myself sometimes. I hope this extensive guide has helped some of you. I am around if you need more details. I love my job despite all my frustration towards the banking industry because it makes me meet interesting people on a daily basis. I am a crypto enthusiast myself, and I do think this tech is here to stay and will change the world. Banks will have to adapt big time. Things have started to change already; they understand the threat is real. I can feel the generational gap in Geneva, with all these old bankers who don’t get what’s going on. They glaze at the bitcoin chart on CNBC in disbelief and they start to get it. This bitcoin thing is not a joke. Deep inside, as an early adopter who also intends to be a late exiter, as a libertarian myself, it makes me smile with satisfaction.
Cheers. @swisspb on telegram
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